Heterogeneous detonation supported by fuel fogs or films

Bowen, J.R.; Ragland, Kenneth W.; Steffes, F.J.; Loflin, T.G.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(71)80110-8

Cited by 45 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The facility was built in a vertical orientation so that droplets would flow down the length of the tube either naturally or with a coflowing gas, in the preferential direction of gravity. Even in the vertical configuration, the literature indicates that wall wetting by spray generation devices has been an ongoing issue to be accounted for with facilities in this configuration [11,13,17], see §A.1 for more. The detonation tube consists of several modular sections.…”

Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also noted that, even for strong initiators, film detonations required some 20-30 tube diameters of length to transition into a detonation. Bowen [17] investigated detonations in decane films, correlating film detonations velocities to an equivalent ER for mass of fuel in the film on the wall of a tube. The film detonation speeds reported were lower than that of the equivalent gas denotation, though detonations were able to self-sustain at much higher equivalence ratios.…”

Section: Declarationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Droplet Breakup and Evaporation in Liquid-Fueled Detonations

Young,

Duke-Walker,

McFarland

2024

Preprint

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In liquid-fueled detonations droplets are subjected to a myriad of complex codependent physical phenomena occurring on overlapping temporal and spatial scales. Developing an understanding of droplet dynamics in such an environment with high pressures, temperatures, reactions, and unsteady accelerations is imperative to developing detonation-driven propulsion systems. These condition are also relevant to other challenging engineering problems such as hydrometeor interactions with hypersonic flight vehicles. This article describes a new multiphase detonation tube facility capable of creating and imaging liquid-fueled detonations and presents initial experiments highlighting the role of droplet breakup in the detonation. Experimental initial conditions, including the droplet size distribution, are characterized and reported. Droplets interactions with the detonation wave are observed with laser optical imaging and analyzed to measure breakup cloud morphology and droplet survival time. Data from the experiments is compared to existing breakup and evaporation models for shock-droplet interactions. The results provide a means for validating more complex droplet models for detonations and hypersonic regimes.

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Section: Experimental Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declarationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet Breakup and Evaporation in Liquid-Fueled Detonations

Young,

Duke-Walker,

McFarland

2024

Preprint

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“…The smallest droplet size studied was 290 μm in diameter and the largest observed velocity deficit was ~30-35% for 2600 μm droplets. Bowen et al [10] observed self-sustained detonations in decane fogs, of 2 μm mean diameter, at near CJ velocities. More recently, Burcat and Eidelman [11,12] found that in the range 50-500 μm initial droplet radius, the detonation velocity was inversely proportional to the reaction zone width behind the shock front; specifically, the detonation velocity attained with 50 μm droplets was almost equal to that in gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulations of the Effects of Droplet Size and Concentration on Vapour-Droplet JP-10/Air Detonations

Liu¹,

Zhou²

2018

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Two-dimensional simulations were conducted for JP-10 mono-dispersed vapour-droplet detonation in air, based on the detonation mechanism for clouds and validation of the extending critical droplet size limits in previous tests. In the simulations, the discrete phase model combined with the droplet evaporation and droplet breakup models was used. Utilizing a wide range of mono-dispersed droplet sizes and initial droplet concentrations, all cases of JP-10 droplets with a certain amount of pre-vaporized fuel can successfully achieve the deflagration to detonation transition. Detonation velocities at the equivalent concentration with droplet diameters no larger than 50 μm are in good agreement with the theoretical detonation velocities. The effects of droplet size and initial droplet concentration on the detonation behaviour were also investigated. Detonation velocities attained with droplet diameters below 50 μm appear to decrease very slightly with droplet size, but are almost equal to the velocity in gases. When the droplet diameter is above 50 μm, there is a decrease in simulated detonation velocity compared with fine droplets, and no secondary pressure peak was observed. For fuel-rich combustion, detonation velocities decrease rapidly with an increase in initial droplet concentration, and post-wave pressure fluctuation was obviously irregular, caused by the secondary local explosion of the droplets.

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“…1 Heterogeneous detonations began to receive significant attention during the late 1960s, 2,3 but these studies generally focused on shattering relatively large droplets into a fine mist that would detonate behind a strong shock. Bowen et al 4 were the first to study detonations of micrometer-sized droplets created using ultrasonic atomizers. It was not until the early 1980s that evaporation of micrometer-sized droplets was first studied in shock tubes by Roth and Fischer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock-induced behavior in micron-sized water aerosols

2007

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We have developed a suite of tools for studying aerosols behind shock waves. A Mie-extinction particle sizing diagnostic and a computational model, along with a specially designed square-section shock tube were developed to study the time-history of micrometer-sized aerosols behind shock waves. These tools are critically needed to pursue the use of shock tubes to study the combustion behavior of low-vapor-pressure fuels. While the facility is designed to study reactive systems, we began by measuring the behavior of water aerosols in the range of 1 -10 m behind shock waves with temperatures between 450 and 600 K and pressures between 0.64 and 1.1 atm. From these data we determined evaporation rates and found a correlation that provides the noncontinuum evaporation rate in terms of the d 2 evaporation rate and a correction function.

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Heterogeneous detonation supported by fuel fogs or films

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Droplet Breakup and Evaporation in Liquid-Fueled Detonations

Droplet Breakup and Evaporation in Liquid-Fueled Detonations

Numerical Simulations of the Effects of Droplet Size and Concentration on Vapour-Droplet JP-10/Air Detonations

Shock-induced behavior in micron-sized water aerosols

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