Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

Zheng, Bo; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, Y.; He, Kebin; Wang, Kai; Zheng, Guangjie; Duan, Fengkui; L., Y.; Kimoto, Takashi

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2031-2015

Cited by 518 publications

(390 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In particular, BC is overestimated and sulfate is underestimated. By comparing our data with field data from recent publications (SI Materials and Methods), we found BC was overestimated by 36-149% at various sites, which was also found in a study using Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model (27), and the difference may be due to uncertainties in emissions from coal boilers and stoves, as well as diesel trucks in the MEIC emission inventory. During January and February 2010, the residential sector dominated BC emissions, accounting for 77%, 70%, and 62% of the total emissions in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In this study, the WRF-Chem domain covers mainland China, with a horizontal resolution of 36 km. This resolution is the same as used in several recent model studies in northern China and the BTH region (27,29). A number of studies apply nested simulations with a horizontal resolution in the innermost domain of 12 km (30) or 9 km (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…emissions in China for 2010 were derived from the MEIC model developed by Tsinghua University, which has been used in several other studies (27,28). The MEIC inventory includes five anthropogenic source sectors: power, industry, transportation, residential, and agriculture (only NH 3 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Mauzerall

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

418

224

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As part of the 12th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government has developed air pollution prevention and control plans for key regions with a focus on the power, transport, and industrial sectors. Here, we investigate the contribution of residential emissions to regional air pollution in highly polluted eastern China during the heating season, and find that dramatic improvements in air quality would also result from reduction in residential emissions. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry to evaluate potential residential emission controls in Beijing and in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) region. In January and February 2010, relative to the base case, eliminating residential emissions in Beijing reduced daily average surface PM 2.5 (particulate mater with aerodynamic diameter equal or smaller than 2.5 micrometer) concentrations by 14 ± 7 μg·m −3 (22 ± 6% of a baseline concentration of 67 ± 41 μg·m −3 ; mean ± SD). Eliminating residential emissions in the BTH region reduced concentrations by 28 ± 19 μg·m −3 (40 ± 9% of 67 ± 41 μg·m −3 ), 44 ± 27 μg·m −3 (43 ± 10% of 99 ± 54 μg·m −3 ), and 25 ± 14 μg·m −3 (35 ± 8% of 70 ± 35 μg·m −3 ) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces, respectively. Annually, elimination of residential sources in the BTH region reduced emissions of primary PM 2.5 by 32%, compared with 5%, 6%, and 58% achieved by eliminating emissions from the transportation, power, and industry sectors, respectively. We also find air quality in Beijing would benefit substantially from reductions in residential emissions from regional controls in Tianjin and Hebei, indicating the value of policies at the regional level.PM 2.5 | secondary aerosols | regional pollution transport | residential emissions | source contribution

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Mauzerall

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

418

224

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“…The high concentration of NO x suppressed SOA formation in homogeneous reactions with organo-peroxy radicals (RO 2 ), but enhance the secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions, which might be very important in heavy haze pollution. The synergetic effect of mineral dust and NO x on the secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions should be considered in air quality models for a better understanding of heavy haze pollution [46].…”

Section: Effects Of No X Concentration On the Secondary Aerosol Formamentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

et al. 2015

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To investigate the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity to NO x in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, a series of irradiated toluene/NO x /air and -pinene/NO x /air experiments were conducted in smog chambers in the absence or presence of Al 2 O 3 seed particles. Various concentrations of NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were designed to simulate secondary aerosol formation under different scenarios for NO x . Under "VOC-limited" conditions, the increasing NO x concentration suppressed secondary aerosol formation, while the increasing toluene concentration not only contributed to the increase in secondary aerosol formation, but also led to the elevated oxidation degree for the organic aerosol. Sulfate formation was suppressed with the increasing NO x due to a decreased oxidation capacity of the photooxidation system. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation also decreased with the presence of high concentration of NO x , because organo-peroxy radicals (RO 2 ) react with NO x instead of with peroxy radicals (RO 2 or HO 2 ), resulting in the formation of volatile organic products. The increasing concentration of NO x enhanced the formation of sulfate, nitrate and SOA under "NO x -limited" conditions, in which the heterogeneous reactions played an important role. In the presence of Al 2 O 3 seed particles, a synergetic promoting effect of mineral dust and NO x on secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions was observed in the photooxidation. This synergetic effect strengthened the positive relationship between NO x and secondary aerosol formation under "NO x -limited" conditions but weakened or even overturned the negative relationship between NO x and secondary aerosol formation under "VOC-limited" conditions. Sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NO x seemed different in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and should be both taken into account in the sensitivity study. The sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NO x was further investigated under "winter-like" and NH 3 -rich conditions. No obvious difference for the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation except nitrate to NO x was observed. secondary aerosol, oxidation capacity, synergetic promoting effect, Al 2 O 3 seed particles, sensitivity

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“…What's more, transformation and transport of pollutants occurs simultaneously, complicating this further. Current air quality models have usually under-predicted PM 2.5 concentrations, especially during heavy haze episodes (Wang et al, 2014b;Zheng et al, 2014). Investigation of the secondary aerosol formation potential of air may provide insights for better understanding the transformation and transport of pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

Chu

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing, in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014. The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time, OH exposure, and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study. Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials, marked as Period I and Period II, were identified during the observation. In Period I, the secondary aerosol formation potential was high, and correlated well to the air pollutants, i.e., SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO. The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation. In period II, the secondary aerosol formation potential was low, with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants. Meanwhile, the aerosol mass decreased, instead of showing a peak, with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period I was mainly from local sources, while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period II. The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged, resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential. Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.

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Heterogeneous chemistry: a mechanism missing in current models to explain secondary inorganic aerosol formation during the January 2013 haze episode in North China

Cited by 518 publications

References 76 publications

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al2O3 seed particles and SO2

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

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