Heterogeneous cellular networks: From theory to practice

Ghosh, Arunabha; Mangalvedhe, Nitin; Ratasuk, Rapeepat; Mondal, Bishwarup; Cudak, Mark; Visotsky, Eugene; Thomas, Timothy A.; Andrews, Jeffrey G.; Xia, Ping; Jo, Han-Shin; Dhillon, Harpreet S.; Novlan, Thomas

doi:10.1109/mcom.2012.6211486

Cited by 784 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Stemming from the limited backhaul capabilities, the volume of offloaded traffic from macrocell can be reduced if the small cell backhaul reaches a certain threshold. Therefore, the backhaul constraint can be integrated with the biased user association technique [3]. The biased user association technique refers to the allocation of the mobile user to the available small cells.…”

Section: Small Cell Base Station and Wi-fi Access Points Coalition Bementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Traffic Offloading in Wi-Fi Supported Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Ekti

Shakir

Serpedin

et al. 2015

J Sign Process Syst

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Heterogeneous small cell networks (HetSNets) are becoming an integral part of the next generation wireless networks (NGWNs), where small cell base stations (SBSs) are expected to utilize wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) access points (APs) and device-to-device (D2D) enabled links. HetSNets comprise several low power, low cost SBSs, D2D enabled links and Wi-Fi APs to support the existing macrocell infrastructure, decrease over the air signaling and energy consumption, and increase network capacity, data rate and coverage. This paper presents an active user dependent path loss (PL) based traffic offloading (TO) strategy for HetSNets and a comparative study on two techniques to offload the traffic from macrocell to small cell: PL and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) based strategies. To quantify the improvements, the PL based strategy against the SIR based strategy is compared while considering various macrocell and small cell coverage areas and traffic-types. On the other hand, offloading in a dense urban setting may result in overcrowding the small cells. Therefore, hybrid traffic-type driven hybrid offloading technologies such as Wi-Fi and D2D were proposed to en route the delay tolerant applications through Wi-Fi APs and D2D links. It is necessary to illustrate the impact of daily user traffic profile, small cell access schemes and traffic-type while deciding how much of the traffic should be offloaded to small cells. It is also important to assess the number of active small cells based on the active user population factor (AUPF), since AUPF defines the ratio of the number of active mobile users and the number of total mobile users, and it also describes the daily user traffic profile. In this context, we propose that the population of smallcells is strictly depending on the traffic load due to active mobile users, which is a random variable and time-varying. Therefore, in this paper, the AUPF, small cell access scheme and traffic-type are included into a PL based TO strategy to minimize the congested macrocell traffic.

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Section: Small Cell Base Station and Wi-fi Access Points Coalition Bementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher frequencies cannot propagate long distances; therefore, interference to other small cells is likely to be reduced. Therefore, Heterogeneous small cell networks (HetSNets) represent a novel approach for the mobile data offloading problem that helps to optimize the network traffic [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Traffic Offloading in Wi-Fi Supported Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Ekti

Shakir

Serpedin

et al. 2015

J Sign Process Syst

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“…This typically occurs in urban areas. There are different types of equipment used depending on the size of the coverage gap-picocells have a coverage radius of hundreds of metres and femtocells tens of metres (Andrews et al, 2012;Ghosh et al, 2012). It is also the objective of both types of equipment to achieve or improve indoor coverage.…”

Section: Network Architecture and Active Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much energy will your NGN consume? A model for energy consumption in next generation access networks: The case of Spain

Coomonte¹,

Feijóo²,

Ramos³

et al. 2013

Telecommunications Policy

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The contribution to global energy consumption of the information and communications technology (ICT) sector has increased considerably in the last decade, along with its growing relevance to the overall economy. This trend will continue due to the seemingly ever greater use of these technologies, with broadband data traffic generated by the usage of telecommunication networks as a primary component. In fact, in response to user demand, the telecommunications industry is initiating the deployment of next generation networks (NGNs). However, energy consumption is mostly absent from the debate on these deployments, in spite of the potential impact on both expenses and sustainability.[n addition, consumers are unaware of the energy impact of their choices in ultra-broadband services. This paper focuses on forecasting energy consumption in the access part of NGNs by modelling the combined effect of the deployment of two different ultra-broadband technologies (FTTH-GPON and LTE), the evolution of traffic per user, and the energy consumption in each of the networks and user devices. Conclusions are presented on the levels of energy consumption, their cost and the impact of different network design parameters. The effect of technological developments, techno-economic and policy decisions on energy consumption is highlighted. On the consumer side, practical figures and comparisons across technologies are provided. Although the paper focuses on Spain, the analysis can be extended to similar countries.

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“…Although the LPNs provide better quality of service (QoS) for mobile devices in comparison with a conventional one-tier cellular network, they also bring a serious cross-tier interference between tier-1 and tier-2 when they share the same licensed band [5]. Thus, to both fully exploit the possible gains through HetNet deployments and control the interference between tiers, we need to utilize the differences in base station types and change the conventional single-layer homogenous networks approach to include these differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference Alignment for the Uplink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Gao

Wang

Cui

2016

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Heterogeneous cellular networks, due to its multi-tier topological structure, provide significant improvements in terms of increased data rates and cell coverage. However, there are important intra-tier and inter-tier interference management problem to be solved. In this paper, we model a two-tier uplink heterogeneous network, which include a macrocell and K overlaid femtocells. Meanwhile we constitute a heterogeneous configuration that each femto BS is equipped with two antennas and the macro BS is equipped with 2 2antennas. We proved that the sum-DoF outer bound of the network is 2 4 4 K K A , and the DoF outer bound for the femtocell and macrocell is 2 4 K A K A and 4 A K A respectively. Moreover, we present the achievable scheme, which is based on interference alignment. The simulation results show that the sum rate of the whole HetNet increases as the number of macro BS's antennas increases.

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Heterogeneous cellular networks: From theory to practice

Cited by 784 publications

References 8 publications

On the Traffic Offloading in Wi-Fi Supported Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

On the Traffic Offloading in Wi-Fi Supported Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

How much energy will your NGN consume? A model for energy consumption in next generation access networks: The case of Spain

Interference Alignment for the Uplink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

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