Heterogeneous catalytic esterification of oleic acid under sub/supercritical methanol over γ-Al2O3

Zhang, Jie; Liu, Jiuxu; Huang, Xinlei; Choi, Seungrag; Zhu, Ran; Tang, Siqi; Bond, Jesse Q.; Tavlarides, Lawrence L.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117359

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The catalyst hasn’t shown any changes to the surface morphology and crystal structure. However, the catalyst deactivation occurred later due to carbon deposition on the catalyst’s active surface area [ 103 ].…”

Section: Catalysis In Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

2021

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The excessive utilization of petroleum resources leads to global warming, crude oil price fluctuations, and the fast depletion of petroleum reserves. Biodiesel has gained importance over the last few years as a clean, sustainable, and renewable energy source. This review provides knowledge of biodiesel production via transesterification/esterification using different catalysts, their prospects, and their challenges. The intensive research on homogeneous chemical catalysts points to the challenges in using high free fatty acids containing oils, such as waste cooking oils and animal fats. The problems faced are soap formation and the difficulty in product separation. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts are more preferable in biodiesel synthesis due to their ease of separation and reusability. However, in-depth studies show the limited activity and selectivity issues. Using biomass waste-based catalysts can reduce the biodiesel production cost as the materials are readily available and cheap. The use of an enzymatic approach has gained precedence in recent times. Additionally, immobilization of these enzymes has also improved the statistics because of their excellent functional properties like easy separation and reusability. However, free/liquid lipases are also growing faster due to better mass transfer with reactants. Biocatalysts are exceptional in good selectivity and mild operational conditions, but attractive features are veiled with the operational costs. Nanocatalysts play a vital role in heterogeneous catalysis and lipase immobilization due to their excellent selectivity, reactivity, faster reaction rates owing to their higher surface area, and easy recovery from the products and reuse for several cycles.

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Section: Catalysis In Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

2021

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“…The diversity of catalysts along with the selection of one effective among them was achieved in this work based on reasonable investigations, while the use of another oil with a relatively higher proportion of FFA under the same previous conditions could give a better insight into the performance of MnO 2 . Zhang et al [97] investigated the transesterification of oleic acid in the presence of γ-Al 2 O 3 under subcritical and supercritical methanol conditions. First, they examined the catalyst-free reaction at 275 °C, 20 MPa, 20 : 1 methanol to oil molar ratio, and 1 min.…”

Section: Supercritical Methanol With Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review

Demir

Akgün

2022

ChemistrySelect

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Nowadays, due to detrimental carbon dioxide emissions and dwindling non‐renewable fossil energy from crude oil, biodiesel from green sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, waste oils and microbial oils have been described as a promising non‐fossil fuel, renewable, sustainable, clean, and biodegradable. So far, transesterification is the most superior process for converting green resources into biodiesel by reacting with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. This process is influenced by some considerations such as alcohol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time and specifically the amount of catalyst, which greatly affect the reaction performance and the biodiesel production. In depth, this review will discuss novel catalysts for biodiesel production under supercritical methanol and ethanol conditions by reviewing published articles related to this field to date.

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“…Biodiesel production usually involves use of methanol. Zhang et al, 2020 [33] showed that methanol had higher reactivity than ethanol, and achieved a 100 % yield with methylation within 2 min. However, this reaction was performed under extreme temperature and pressure conditions (325 °C and 20 MPa).…”

Section: Esterification Under Ultrasonic Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production using Lewis Catalysts under Ultrasonic Activation

Kolet

Zerbib

Molina

et al. 2020

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Biodiesel can be produced by transesterification of oil triglycerides, as well as by esterification of fatty acids using feedstock materials rich in free fatty acids)FFAs). Utilization of such feedstocks can gain substantial economical profit and solve a problem of disposal of residual raw materials. To find an effective method of biodiesel production from FFA, we developed esterification of FFAs under ultrasonic activation using Lewis acids as catalysts. Homologous catalyst BF3 and heterogeneous AlCl3 were highly effective in reactions of model FFAs methylation under ultrasonic activation, when the reaction yield reached 100 %. Ethylation at the same conditions was less successful.

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Heterogeneous catalytic esterification of oleic acid under sub/supercritical methanol over γ-Al2O3

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Enzyme Catalysts via Transesterification and Esterification Reactions: a Critical Review

New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review

Biodiesel Production using Lewis Catalysts under Ultrasonic Activation

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