Heterogeneous branched core–shell SnO2–PANI nanorod arrays with mechanical integrity and three dimentional electron transport for lithium batteries

Nanostructured electrode materials for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries via electrospinning

“…The electrochemical reaction of SnO 2 with lithium is based on the conversion mechanism of SnO 2 reduced to Sn and Li 2 O, followed by alloying mechanism of Sn with Li. While the first step of conversion reaction is irreversible with a theoretical capacity of 780 mA h g −1 in some previous reports [162,163], several groups confirmed the reversibility of conversion reaction of SnO 2 with higher theoretical capacity of~1493 mA h g −1 [164,165]. The irreversible capacity resulted from irreversible formation of Li 2 O and huge volume change during cycling would induce limited cycle performance of SnO 2 .…”

“…The thin carbon layer coated on SCNW-LFP of about~3 nm thickness would further increase the electronic conductivity along the 3D interconnected structure. Owing to the benefit of the hybrid structure, the material showed excellent rate performance (169,162,150,113, and 93 mA h g −1 at 0.1, 0.5, 1 5, and 10 C, respectively) and cycle performance at 1 C (Figs 19c and d).…”

How to improve the stability and rate performance of lithium-ion batteries with transition metal oxide anodes

“…At a higher current density of 3C, the trend is similar to 1C, but the specific capacity still can maintain 520 mA h/g even after 750 cycles. The reasons for the obvious capacity decreases at high rates maybe as follows [42][43][44] : (i) the continuous reduction of active materials due to the insetting of metal Co in Li 2 O matrix partially, especially it occurs at high rates; (ii) the brush-fire aggregation of the active materials to larger clusters cannot be completely avoided; (iii) the structure strain of the active materials can't be totally eliminated during cycling even though the voids and rGO sheets could accommodate the volume change of the active species. These measurements confirm the merits of the rGO/CoO electrode.…”

Rational synthesis of SnS2@C hollow microspheres with superior stability for lithium-ion batteries

“…The relatively low storage capacity of commercial graphite anode (372 mA h g ) cannot meet the high energy density requirement for the next-generation LIBs [5]. To address this issue, tin and tin-based materials (such as SnO, SnO 2 , and SnS 2 ) have been extensively studied as the alternative anodes owing to their low operating voltage, high theoretical capacities and low cost [6][7][8][9]. Among them, SnS 2 has been suggested as a promising candidate for LIBs anodes because of its CdI 2 -type layered structure, in which the tin atoms are sandwiched between two layers of hexagonally close-packed sulfur atoms.…”