“…Specifically, during wakefulness, the CA1 region is characterized by cross-frequency coupling between theta and distinct gamma oscillations which exhibit their peak power at distinct phases of ongoing slow oscillations (Belluscio et al, 2012; Buzsáki and Wang, 2012; Colgin et al, 2009; Csicsvari et al, 2003; Scheffer-Teixeira et al, 2012; Yamamoto et al, 2014). The slow, medium and fast gamma oscillations, emerging from stratum radiatum (SR), stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM) and stratum pyramidale (SP) respectively, are linked to network activity in entorhinal cortex, CA3 and CA1 region respectively (Colgin et al, 2009; Fernández-Ruiz et al, 2017; Guardamagna et al, 2021; Lasztóczi and Klausberger, 2016; Schomburg et al, 2014). During sleep, theta and medium gamma oscillations dominate the REM sleep, whereas delta, spindle frequency band (11-20 Hz, hereafter spindle) and ripples or fast gamma (100-200 Hz), linked to memory consolidation processes, dominate the non-REM sleep (Battaglia et al, 2011; Buzsáki, 1989; Genzel et al, 2014; Roumis and Frank, 2015).…”