Heterogeneity of kupffer cells and splenic, alveolar, and peritoneal macrophages for the production of TNF, IL-1, AND IL-6

Abstract

Kupffer cells and alveolar, splenic, and peritoneal macrophages from normal rats were incubated for various periods of time in the presence of LPS, and the culture supernatants were analyzed for IL-6, IL-1, and TNF. There was very little difference in the amounts of the cytokines produced by the macrophages when stimulated with 0.01-10 micrograms/ml of LPS. The shapes of the time course curves for the production of the cytokines by the different types of macrophages were generally similar, although only Kupffer cells continued to produce IL-6 throughout the entire incubation period and splenic macrophages showed a lag period in the production of IL-1. Kupffer cells produced more IL-6 than that produced by the other populations of macrophages, and alveolar macrophages produced more IL-1 compared to that produced by splenic cells. Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages produced more IL-6 in 24 h than in 6 h of culture, and splenic macrophages produced more IL-1 in 24 compared to 6 h of culture. Alveolar macrophages produced more TNF than that produced by the other populations of cells but only when integrated over the entire incubation period. These results confirm and extend the observed functional heterogeneity of macrophages obtained from different tissues of the same animal. This study and future studies will lead to a better understanding of the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response.

Dietary glycine blunts liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

“…One possible cell type responsible for the generation of free radicals could be the Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver. They are involved in disease states, such as endotoxin shock [12] , alcoholic liver diseases [13] , and other toxicant-induced liver injury by releasing eicosanoids, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α), and free radical species [14] . Glycine, a simple nonessential amino acid, is a well-known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that acts via a glycine-gated chloride channel and has been shown to be protective against hypoxia, ischemia, and various cytotoxic substances [15][16][17] .…”

The Pathogenesis and Therapy of Combined Radiation Injury

“…Macrophages can be heterogeneous for the production of TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 according to their different sources [66]. In this study we examined the peritoneal, splenic, and bone marrow macrophages to determine possible peculiarities of cytokine production by the different populations of macrophages following radiation, bum, and combined injury.…”

“…It is possible that macrophages, stimulated by LPS for 24 hr, may have produced more TNF than macrophages incubated for shorter time periods, but TNF-c( loses activity when present in vitro under tissue culture conditions for greater than 12 hr. In our work, macrophages were LPS-stimulated in vitro for 24 hr because that time-period was the most acceptable for simultaneous evaluation of IL-I, IL-6, and TNF-a production in one common supernatant sample 118, 25,66].…”

“…Splenic macrophages were cultured in the presence of 2 itg/ml LPS from E.coli. The numbers of macrophages used for incubation, doses of LPS for in vitro macrophage stimulation, and duration of cell culture were selected based on review of the literature 116, 18,22,25,66,79]. Macrophages from each mouse were cultured separately.…”

The Role of Hypoxia in Re-educating Macrophages in the Tumour Environment

“…For a long time it has been known that macrophages can be stimulated by environmental signals to exhibit a wide array of phenotypes (Nibbering et al, 1987;Ogle et al, 1994;van Furth, 1980). Two main polarization phenotypes of macrophages have been recognized.…”