Heterogeneity of
            <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>
            Strains Based on Their Mannitol-1-Phosphate Dehydrogenases: Criterion for Rapid Classification

Brown, Albert T.; Patterson, Constance E.

doi:10.1128/iai.6.3.422-424.1972

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…S. mutans strains NCTC 10449, FAl, SL1, HS6, and AHT were generously provided by Albert T. Brown and Alan L. Coykendall. These strains of S. mutans are representative of each of the four genetic groups based on guanosine-cytosine ratios and deoxyribonucleic acid hydridization (9), kinetic activity of lactic dehydrogenase (5), and electrophoretic patterns of hexitol phosphate dehydrogenases (4), aldolases (25), enzymes of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis (7,31), and invertases (38). These characteristics all correlate well with the serological groups described by Bratthall (1).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

Involvement of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the Catabolism of Caries-Conducive Dĭsaccharides by Streptococcus mutans : Lactose Transport

Calmes

1978

Infect Immun

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The mechanisms for transport and hydrolysis of lactose were investigated in five cariogenic strains (HS6, AHT, FAl, NCTC 10449, and SL1) representing the four serogenetic groups of Streptococcus mutans. The systems for transport and hydrolysis of lactose had the characteristics of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)dependent lactose (Lac) phosphotransferase (PT) system and phospho-,8-galactosidase (P-fl-gal), respectively, in all strains tested, except strain HS6. Decryptified cells required PEP and Mge for transport of the non-metabolizable model ,8-galactosides o-nitrophenyl-,8-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and thiomethyl-,8-D-galactopyranoside (TMG). Substitution of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) for PEP also stimulated the Lac PT system. Other potential high-energy phosphate donors (adenosine tri-, di-, and monophosphates and guanosine triphosphate) did not stimulate the Lac PT system. Sodium fluoride had no effect upon the PEP-dependent Lac PT system in decryptified cells with PEP as the energy source; however, when 2-PG was used as the energy source, F-inhibited ONPG phosphorylation. With intact cells which must generate PEP endogenously, the presence of F-in concentration o10 mM completely inhibited the Lac PT system, presumably through inhibition of 2-PG hydrolyase (EC 4.2.1.11; enolase). Both intact and decryptified cells accumulated a phosphorylated derivative of TMG that behaved chromatographically as TMG-phosphate. After alkaline phosphatase treatment, the derivative had an Rf identical to that of TMG. No fB-galactosidase (fl-gal) activity was detected with ONPG as the substrate; hydrolysis occurred only when ONPG-6-phosphate was supplied as the substrate. Strain HS6 apparently transported lactose by an active transport-type system in which the accumulated intracellular product was the free disaccharide based on the following criteria: (i) ONPG transport and hydrolysis in decryptified cells was not stimulated by PEP; (ii) ONPG hydrolysis occurred in the absence of PEP; and (iii) ONPG-6-phosphate was not hydrolyzed. These data indicate that, in all strains tested except strain HS6, lactose transport was mediated by a PEP-dependent Lac PT system, resulting in accumulation of lactose-phosphate that was hydrolyzed by an enzyme similar to the P-,f-gal of group N streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus; conversely, strain HS6 transported and hydrolyzed lactose by a PEP-independent transport system and fl-gal, respectively. The utilization of sucrose by Streptococcus mutans and other oral microorganisms results in the accumulation of dental plaque on teeth. The fermentative metabolism of these plaque bacteria yields end products, e.g, lactic acid, that act directly and indirectly upon the teeth and periodontium of humans, causing caries and periodontal disease (for reviews, see references 2 and 3). Studies with animal models have shown that caries will develop when the diet contains fermentable carbohydrates other than sucrose, e.g., glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, or starch (12,15). Little is known of the metabolism of...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

Involvement of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the Catabolism of Caries-Conducive Dĭsaccharides by Streptococcus mutans : Lactose Transport

Calmes

1978

Infect Immun

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“…Lesions of this type were completely absent in the gnotobiotic rats infected with the mutants but were present in WT-infected gnotobiotes. In conventionalized rats, their presence paralleled that of plaque-associated lesions on the smooth 6. Average number of carious enamel areas of uninfected gnotobiotic rats or those infected by strain 6715-13 WT or mutants.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diminished Virulence of Glucan Synthesis-Defective Mutants of Streptococcus mutans

et al. 1974

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The virulence of cell surface-associated, glucan synthesis-defective mutants of Streptococcus mutans strain 6715-13 was studied. Representatives from three groups of such mutants were tested for their pathogenicity in conventionalized, specific pathogen-free rats and gnotobiotic rats. The mutants differ from the wild-type strain in that each failed to form plaque on the smooth surfaces of the teeth and to cause smooth surface caries. Although the ability to form cell surface-associated glucans was not a strict requirement for the expression of virulence in the sulci of the teeth, it augmented virulence at such sites. However, the ability to form cell surface-associated glucans and to adhere to the teeth was clearly not the sole determinant of virulence.

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“…Previously, Coykendall et al (6-10) had found by DNA/DNA homologies and guanineplus-cytosine content analyses that he could distinguish only four groups of S. mutans and that he could not distinguish between Bratthall serotypes c and e. Based on DNA buoyant densities (15), enzymological evidence (2,3,5,7), and cell wall analyses (21), others have reached similar conclusions. The present data provide biochemical evidence consistent with these groupings and additionally supply data consistent with the antigenic distinction between c and e (1, 28) and with the biochemical differences between c and e reported by others (5,7,29,35).…”

Section: Omz-176mentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparative Study of Invertases of Streptococcus mutans

et al. 1977

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Sucrase activity was studied in 13 strains of Streptococcus mutans representing the five Bratthall serotypes. Sucrose-adapted cells have sucrase activity in the 37,000 x g-soluble fraction of all strains. The enzyme was identified as invertase (,B-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.26) because it hydrolyzed the 83-fructofuranoside trisaccharide raffinose, giving fructose and melibiose as its products, and because it hydrolyzed the f3-fructofuranoside dissacharide sucrose, giving equimolar glucose and fructose as its products. Invertases of c and e strains exhibit two activity peaks by molecular exclusion chromatography with molecular weights of 45,000 to 50,000 and about 180,000; those of serotypes a, b, and d strains exhibit only a single component of 45,000 to 50,000 molecular weight. The electrophoretic mobility of invertases is different between the serotypes and the same within them. Inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) has a weak positive effect on the Vmax of invertases of serotypes c and e cells but a strong positive effect on the invertases of serotype b cells; Pi has a strong positive

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Heterogeneity of Streptococcus mutans Strains Based on Their Mannitol-1-Phosphate Dehydrogenases: Criterion for Rapid Classification

Abstract: Hexitol phosphate dehydrogenases were inducible in all strains of Streptococcus mutans studied, and these organisms could be placed into one of four groups according to the electrophoretic mobility of their mannitol-l-phosphate dehydrogenases.

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Involvement of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the Catabolism of Caries-Conducive Dĭsaccharides by Streptococcus mutans : Lactose Transport

Involvement of Phosphoenolpyruvate in the Catabolism of Caries-Conducive Dĭsaccharides by Streptococcus mutans : Lactose Transport

Diminished Virulence of Glucan Synthesis-Defective Mutants of Streptococcus mutans

Comparative Study of Invertases of Streptococcus mutans

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