Heterogeneity of adipose tissue in development and metabolic function

Abstract

Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ. Unlike other organs, adipose tissue is compartmentalized into individual depots and distributed throughout the body. These different adipose depots show major functional differences and risk associations for developing metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in lineage tracing demonstrate that individual adipose depots are composed of adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to different populations of energy-storing white adipocytes. Moreover, distinct lineages of energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes exist in discrete depots or within white adipose tissue depots. In this Review, we discuss developmental and functional heterogeneity, as well as sexual dimorphism, between and within individual adipose tissue depots. We highlight current data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in the development of metabolic dysfunction, with special emphasis on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, we provide a detailed overview of adipose tissue development as well as the consensus and controversies relating to adult adipocyte precursor populations.

Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review

“…Although still related to the body region from where they originate and unlike BM‐MSCs, AT‐MSCs can be cultivated up to passage 8 without any sign of senescence , even if passages may not precisely reflect the replicative age of MSCs . There is evidence that adipocyte progenitors vary on the basis of individual adipose depots and depending on the age, sex, and body weight of the individual, location and type of fat tissue, tissue collection method, and culture conditions . Furthermore, recent studies suggest that the heterogeneous mixture of cells obtained after digestion of AT, contains subpopulations of stem cells and more committed progenitor cells, such as dedifferentiated endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes.…”

Differential regulation of the immune system in a brain-liver-fats organ network during short term fasting

“…In contrast with these results, we failed to identify robust clusters using the samples from pgWAT (thus excluding it from our downstream analyses). While intriguing, the fact that pgWAT and psWAT show differential gene expression dynamics to STF is expected, as different adipose depots are functionally distinct and can display differential transcriptomic responses to fasting [27,28].…”

Prevenção da obesidade e da resistência à insulina através do treinamento físico aeróbio: papel do sistema renina angiotensina no tecido adiposo branco

“…No entanto, quando realizamos estudos com animais treinados com corrida na esteira, a ingestão alimentar não foi diferente entre os grupos treinado e sedentário (HIGA et al, 2014;MULLER et al, 2018). Interessante que, os dados do presente trabalho confirmam nossos achados prévios com corrida e de outros autores que não mostram diferença no consumo alimentar ou calórico de animais alimentados com dieta controle ou de cafeteria submetidos ao TFA (BRANDT et al, 2010;EGUCHI et al, 2008 (SCHOETTL et al, 2018;HAMMARSTEDT et al, 2012;SMITH & KAHN, 2016). De fato, os animais SED-CAF do presente estudo apresentaram intolerância à glicose e RI.…”

“…No presente estudo, o TFA foi eficaz para reduzir o ganho de peso e os danos na composição corporal do grupo TF-CAF, o que confirma os estudos prévios do nosso grupo (MULLER et al, 2018;HIGA et al 2014). Esses resultados corroboram outros estudos que também mostraram a eficácia do TFA para a prevenção do ganho de peso e da adiposidade corporal em animais submetidos tanto à dieta de cafeteria quanto à dieta hiperlipídica (ROCHA-RODRIGUES et al, 2018;VAISY et al, 2011 , 2004;SCHOETTL et al, 2018), optamos por dividir a discussão dos resultados de TAB em duas partes: uma com os resultados do TAB-PE e outra com os resultados do TAB-SC.…”

“…Diversos mecanismos acionados pelo TFA já foram elucidados na literatura, e é sabido que parte das respostas benéficas do TFA pode ser mediada pela redução da alça ECA/Ang II/AT1 sistêmica e tecidual (FRANTZ et al, 2017;SILVA et al, 2017;FERNANDES et al, 2011;CIAMPONE et al, 2011) (ALEXANDER et al, 2015;KASZA et al, 2014). Já o TAB visceral, é formado pelos depósitos retroperitoneal, periepididimal, omental, mesentérico, mediastial e epicardial, e assim como o TAB-SC, apresenta como função a proteção dos órgãos (SCHOETTL et al, 2018;BÓDIS & RODEN, 2018;FONSECA-ALANIZ et al, 2006). No entanto, a proporção individual de TAB-SC para TAB visceral varia de acordo com a idade, sexo, nutrição, homeostase energética de depósitos específicos e genética (BJORNDAL et al, 2011;SHUNGIN et al, 2015;BÓDIS & RODEN, 2018 (SCHWENK et al, 2010;FONSECA-ALANZI et al, 2006).…”