Heterogeneity in renal cell carcinoma and its impact on prognosis - a flow cytometric study

Abstract

Summary In the process of tumour progression genetic instability is the basis for the evolution of tumour cell clones with various genotypic and phenotypic characteristics causing heterogeneity. Renal cell carcinoma has a long prediagnostic growth period, which increases the probability of clonal evolution. We have studied 200 consecutive renal cell carcinomas, addressing the interrelationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinicopathological factors. DNA ploidy patterns were analysed in multiple samples from each tumour

Cyclin D3 Protein Content in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma in Relation to Cyclin D1 and Clinico-pathological Parameters

“…Interestingly, both cytoplas- ses were performed on consecutive slides from formalinxed pieces of tumor, whereas the protein extracts for Western blotting were prepared from freshly frozen tissue from a different part of the same tumor sample. Owing to the fact that RCC is very heterogeneous (15) we have used two proliferation markers. The well-established marker Ki-67 was used in the immunohistochemical study and since owing to its large molecular weight, Ki-67 is unsuitable for immunoblotting, we used PCNA as a proliferation marker for this approach.…”

“…The method for ow cytometric DNA analysis is outlined by Ljungberg et al (15). Brie y, fresh samples were minced and stained using a propidium iodide solution and analyzed in a FACScan ow cytometer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA).…”

Cyclin-D1 expression in human renal-cell carcinoma

“…Tumour stage and histopathological grade are currently considered to be the most reliable prognostic markers, but tumour-cell proliferation and DNA ploidy are also associated with prognosis (Skinner et al, 1971;Larsson et al, 1993;Ljungberg et al, 1996). Cytogenetic abnormalities are frequently observed in RCC (Kovacs et al, 1997), but few have been assigned to specific genes.…”

The free β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma

“…Recurrence can occur many years after surgery and metastases can spontaneously regress after removal of the primary tumour. In addition to clinical stage and grade, DNA ploidy has been found to be a prognostic factor (Ljungberg et al, 1996), but a marker available prior to surgery could be used to optimize treatment. Of the many serum markers studied, only a few, i.e.…”

“…Among the 177 patients, 70 patients had TNM stage I and II (pT1 -pT2, N0, M0), 54 stage III (pT1 -T3a -c, N0 -N1, M0) and 53 were of stage IV (pT1 -T4, N0 -N3, M1). Nuclear grading was performed according to Skinner et al (1971) and DNA ploidy according to Ljungberg et al (1996).…”