Heterogeneity in influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa: early estimates of the 2019 influenza season

Sullivan, Sheena G.; Arriola, Carmen Sofia; Bocacao, Judy; Burgos, Pamela; Bustos, Patricia; Carville, Keryln; Cheng, Allen; Chilver, Monique; Cohen, Cheryl; Deng, Yi‐Mo; Omeiri, Nathalie El; Fasce, Rodrigo; Hellferscee, Orienka; Huang, Q. Sue; González, Cecilia; Jelley, Lauren; Leung, Vivian; Lopez, Liza; McAnerney, Johanna M.; McNeill, Andrea; Olivares, Maria Fernanda; Peck, Heidi; Sotomayor, Viviana; Tempia, Stefano; Vergara, Natalia; Gottberg, Anne von; Walaza, Sibongile; Wood, Timothy

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.45.1900645

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The increase in ED presentations and observation unit admissions between 2017 and 2019 is consistent with other reports of continued growth in demand for emergency medicine services 3 . Any single day ‘snapshot’ survey will show some variation because of local conditions, such as weather and infectious disease, and the severe early influenza season in 2019 4 likely accounts for the peak demand of June 2019. Occupancy is normally seasonal in this series with peak recorded occupancy in most groups occurring in September 2019.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Access block in Australian emergency departments 2017–2020

Richardson

2021

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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Objective To describe Australian ED workload over the period 2017–2020 using data from twice annual Access Block Point Prevalence Studies, and to identify any impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods Retrospective analysis of demand and occupancy data provided by the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine accredited EDs in voluntary surveys at the start of June and September 2017–2020. Hospitals answering all surveys were grouped and compared by jurisdiction and role delineation. Results A total of 121 EDs were eligible, 63% supplied complete occupancy data and 53% complete demand data. Between the June 2017 and 2019 surveys, mean daily ED presentations increased by 11.4% (P = 0.0003). The number being treated at 10.00 hours rose by 27.7% (P < 0.0001) and those experiencing access block (waiting for an inpatient bed, been in ED more than 8 h) rose by 46.1% (P = 0.001). Between the June 2019 and 2020 surveys, ED presentations fell by an average of 12.6% (P < 0.0001), ward admissions were almost unchanged (−6.0%, P = NS), and patients who did not wait to be seen fell by 57.8% (P < 0.0001). Major Paediatric Referral hospitals reported a 28% decrease in presentations. By September 2020, only the state of Victoria (ongoing state of emergency) and Major Paediatric Referral hospitals reported demand lower than 2019 or occupancy lower than 2018. Conclusions Occupancy increased by more than demand 2017–2019, with some decrease in 2020: in June presentations were 12.7% lower than 2019, in September back to the normal range outside Victorian and Major Paediatric Referral hospitals. Future research needs to consider locality, role delineation and work practice change in comparing ED pandemic responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Access block in Australian emergency departments 2017–2020

Richardson

2021

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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“… 58 A comparison of 2019 influenza vaccine effectiveness in four Southern hemisphere countries—Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa—indicated VE estimates were also heterogeneous, with all-ages point estimates ranging from 7 to 70% for A(H1N1)pdm09, from 4% to 57% for A(H3N2), and from 29–66% for B. 59 Systematic annual evaluations that leverage influenza surveillance data and national immunization program information can provide vaccine effectiveness estimates that ultimately quantify the number of hospitalizations and deaths averted through vaccination.…”

Section: Expand Seasonal Prevention and Control Policies And Programs Focusing On Seasonal Influenza Immunization Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Influenza Prevention and Control Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Context of the Global Influenza Strategy and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Vicari

Olson

Vilajeliu

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Each year in Latin America and the Caribbean, seasonal influenza is associated with an estimated 36,500 respiratory deaths and 400,000 hospitalizations. Since the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, the Region has made significant advances in the prevention and control of seasonal influenza, including improved surveillance systems, burden estimates, and vaccination of at-risk groups. The Global Influenza Strategy 2019–2030 provides a framework to strengthen these advances. Against the backdrop of this new framework, the University of Colorado convened in October 2020 its Immunization Advisory Group of Experts to review and discuss current surveillance, prevention, and control strategies for seasonal influenza in Latin America and the Caribbean, also in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review identified five areas for action and made recommendations specific to each area. The Region should continue its efforts to strengthen surveillance and impact evaluations. Existing data on disease burden, seasonality patterns, and vaccination effectiveness should be used to inform decision-making at the country level as well as advocacy efforts for programmatic resources. Regional and country strategic plans should be prepared and include specific targets for 2030. Existing investments in influenza prevention and control, including for immunization programs, should be optimized. Finally, regional partnerships, such as the regional networks for syndromic surveillance and vaccine effectiveness evaluation (SARInet and REVELAC-i), should continue to play a critical role in continuous learning and standardization by sharing experiences and best practices among countries.

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“…Dari kelima negara, vaksin yang banyak digunakan adalah Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine (TIV). Persentase keefektivan vaksin untuk tipe virus influenza untuk tipe A genotip H1N1 bekisar 54,00% -68,40% dinilai efektif, untuk tipe B bekisar 34,00% -75,00% dinilai efektif tetapi untuk anak -anak di negara bagian Amerika Latin hanya 3% dinilai kurang efektif, dan untuk tipe A genotip H3N2 adalah 43,00% -65,00% dinilai efektif tetapi di negara Thailand pad atahun 2015/2016 sebesar 2% dinilai kurang efektif [16,17,18,19,20]. Keefektivan vaksin ini terjadi pada banyaknya kasus pada tipe -tipe influenza yang terjadi di negara itu, bahwa kasus H1N1 lebih banyak daripada H3N2 jadi dimungkinkan keefektivan vaksin terhadap H3N2 kurang efektif dari H1N1.…”

Section: Bahasanunclassified

Studi Efektivitas Vaksin Influenza: Updated Review

Gwiharto

Suhandi

Alodya

et al. 2021

kesdok

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Influenza is caused by a rapidly mutating viruse that consists of 2 types, namely type A with the H1N1 and H3N2 genotypes and type B. Influenza caused global mortality with 250,000-500,000 death in 2009. The effectiveness of vaccines also changes regarding the mutation of influenza viruses, however, in the development and utilization of influenza vaccines should be supported by the economic status of a country. Up to now, there are many countries that have not prioritized the utilization of influenza vaccines. The target of influenza vaccination are children and adults (> 60 years old). The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of influenza vaccines from various countries and categorized based on their income. This review used Medline, Elsevier, and BMC Public Health as the database with the keywords "Effectiveness" and "Influenza vaccine". Then, the articles are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the initial search there are 784 articles that match the keywords, and only 13 articles met the criteria. These articles are classified based on the center of the study in order to classify based on their national income; 5 studies in high income countries, 5 studies in upper-middle income countries, 3 studies in lower-middle income countries, and 1 study in low income countries. The results showed that the administration of influenza vaccine in high income and upper-middle income countries is quite effective for type A H1N1 genotypes, where as H3N2 is less effective. In the lower-middle income countries, the utilization of vaccines with type A H3N2 genotypes was effective, however, in the low-income countries, the effectiveness of vaccines has not been justified due to the limited study of type of influenza and the administration of influenza vaccines in those countries.

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Heterogeneity in influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa: early estimates of the 2019 influenza season

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Access block in Australian emergency departments 2017–2020

Access block in Australian emergency departments 2017–2020

Seasonal Influenza Prevention and Control Progress in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Context of the Global Influenza Strategy and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Studi Efektivitas Vaksin Influenza: Updated Review

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