Heterogeneity in cytokine profiles of Babesia bovis-specific bovine CD4+ T cells clones activated in vitro

Brown, Wendy C.; Woods, V M; Dobbelaere, D. A. E.; Logan, Kathleen

doi:10.1128/iai.61.8.3273-3281.1993

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A biological assay to measure bovine TNF activity by using murine WEHI-164 cells and recombinant TNF-␣ as a standard has been described previously (11). Cytopathicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye reduction assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrophage stimulation by Th-cell culture supernatants. B. bovis-specific CD4 ϩ Th-cell lines produce both IFN-␥ and TNF-␣ (11). To determine whether the secreted products of antigen-stimulated B. bovis-specific CD4 ϩ T cells could activate macrophages to produce NO, macrophages were cultured for 96 h with supernatants harvested from T-cell lines stimulated with B. bovis CM and APC.…”

Section: No Production By Bovine Macrophages Stimulated With B Bovismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cattle, IFN-␥ regulates B-cell synthesis of the opsonizing immunoglobulin G2 subclass (17). Parasite-specific Th-cell clones isolated from B. bovis-immune cattle produce IFN-␥ and TNF (11,14). Bovine macrophages have upregulated expression of iNOS when activated by IFN-␥ in the presence of bacterial LPS (2) or TNF-␣ (20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages by Babesia bovis

et al. 1998

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Gamma interferon (IFN-␥)-activated macrophages are believed to play a key role in resistance to Babesia bovis through parasite suppression by macrophage secretory products. However, relatively little is known about interactions between this intraerythrocytic parasite and the macrophages of its bovine host. In this study, we examined the in vitro effect of intact and fractionated B. bovis merozoites on bovine macrophage nitric oxide (NO) production. In the presence of IFN-␥, B. bovis merozoites stimulated NO production, as indicated by the presence of increased L-arginine-dependent nitrite (NO 2 ؊ ) levels in culture supernatants of macrophages isolated from several cattle. The merozoite crude membrane (CM) fraction stimulated greater production of NO, in a dose-dependent manner, than did the merozoite homogenate or the soluble, cytosolic high-speed supernatant fraction. Stimulation of NO production by CM was enhanced by as little as 1 U of IFN-␥ per ml of culture medium. Upregulation of inducible NO synthase mRNA in bovine macrophages by either B. bovisparasitized erythrocytes and IFN-␥ or CM was also observed. B. bovis-specific T-helper lymphocyte culture supernatants, all of which contained IFN-␥, were also found to induce L-arginine-dependent NO 2 ؊ production. Supernatants that induced the highest levels of NO also contained biologically active TNF. These results show that B. bovis merozoites and antigen-stimulated B. bovis-immune T cells can induce the production of NO, a molecule implicated in both protection and pathologic changes associated with hemoprotozoan parasite infections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: No Production By Bovine Macrophages Stimulated With B Bovismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages by Babesia bovis

et al. 1998

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“…To balance the effect of the proinflammatory cytokines, it is necessary a group of anti‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐10, which dampens the immune response, prevent injury to the host by its own immune system (Lippolis, ). Moreover, both type 1 and type 2 immune responses have been reported in cattle, depending on the cytokines secreted by the two T helper cell subsets (Th1 and Th2) and on the involvement of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (Brown et al., , ; Abbas et al., ; Mosmann and Sad, ). Specifically, the type 1 response (IFN‐γ and IL‐12) relates to cell‐mediated immunity, contributing to inflammation process, whereas the type 2 response (IL‐4) stimulates the production of neutralizing antibodies associated with humoral responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Molina

Risalde

Sánchez-Cordón

et al. 2012

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Acute infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a major pathogen of cattle, are often asymptomatic or produce only mild clinical symptoms. However, they may play an important role in the bovine respiratory disease complex by exerting a marked immunosuppressive effect, as a result of the death of the immunocompetent cell populations involved in controlling innate and adaptive immune responses, together with a marked reduction of both cytokine expression and co-stimulatory molecule synthesis. Although experimental research and field studies have shown that acute BVDV infection enhances susceptibility to secondary infection, the precise mechanism involved in BVDV-induced immunosuppression remains unclear. The present study is aimed at measuring a range of blood parameters in a single group of fourteen calves infected with non-cytopathic BVDV-1. Focus has been put on those related to the cell-mediated immune response just as leucocyte populations and lymphocyte subpopulations, serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-a, IFN-c, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10) and acute phase proteins [haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen and albumin], as well as BVDV-specific antibodies and viremia. After non-cytopathic BVDV-1 infection, clinical signs intensity was never more than moderate coinciding with the presence of viremia and leucocyte and lymphocyte depletion. An early increase in TNF-a, IFN-c and IL-12 levels in contrast to IL-1b was observed in line with a raise in haptoglobin and SAA levels on the latest days of the study. As regards IL-4 levels, no evidence was found of any changes. However, a slight increase in IL-10 was observed, matching up the TNF-a decline during the acute phase response. These findings would help to increase our knowledge of the immune mechanisms involved in acute infection with non-cytopathic BVDV-1 strains, suggesting the existence of a clear tendency towards a type 1 immune response, thereby enhancing resistance against viral infections.

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“…107 Since Babesia are obligatory intraerythrocytic parasites, and erythrocytes do not bear MHC molecules, the CD4 + T cells expressing INF-γ, and activated macrophages, which produce soluble substances (INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and NO) may have direct effects on the parasite. [108][109][110][111] Calves up to 8-9 months old are particularly resistant to Babesia infection, regardless of whether they originate from endemic or babesiosis-free regions. Attempts to grow B. bovis in culture, using medium supplemented with serum obtained from young calves were unsuccessful.…”

Section: Culture-grown Babesia Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture‐Derived Parasites in Vaccination of Cattle against Tick‐Borne Diseases

Shkap¹,

Pipano²

2000

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The major economically important tick‐borne diseases of cattle are theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and cowdriosis. Culture‐derived attenuated schizonts of Theileria annulata have proved to be safe for all types of cattle and they protect against tick‐borne theileriosis. T. parva was also successfully grown in vitro; however, inoculation of cattle with allogeneic schizont‐infected cells resulted in rejection and destruction of the parasites together with the host cells. The number of schizont‐infected cells needed for immunization is greater than for T. annulata theileriosis. Culture‐propagated Babesia bovis and B. bigemina were used for large scale vaccination in the field. An avirulent population of Babesia spp. was obtained by in vitro cloning; inoculation of cattle did not induce clinical babesiosis, but produced specific antibodies. Culture‐derived exoantigens of Babesia spp. proved to be completely safe for cattle, however, they conferred less protection than live parasites. Cell‐cultured Cowdria ruminantium was highly infective for susceptible animals but, attenuated in vitro, could offer a potential source for vaccination. Anaplasma marginale, successfully grown in tick cell culture, may be developed for vaccines. Factors that should be considered in the developing of vaccines against tick‐borne diseases include: the protective immune response to the pathogenic parasite developmental stages, virulence, immunological strain differences, and antigenic variations in cattle and in culture.

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Heterogeneity in cytokine profiles of Babesia bovis-specific bovine CD4+ T cells clones activated in vitro

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Stimulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages by Babesia bovis

Stimulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages by Babesia bovis

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Culture‐Derived Parasites in Vaccination of Cattle against Tick‐Borne Diseases

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