Heterogeneity in alkaline phosphatase isozyme expression in human testicular germ cell tumours: An enzyme-/immunohistochemical and molecular analysis

Roelofs, Helene; Manes, Thomas D.; Janszen, T.; Millán, José Luis; Oosterhuis, J. Wolter; Looijenga, Leendert H. J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199910)189:2<236::aid-path411>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the putative nonmalignant counterpart of carcinoma in situ has been suggested to be present around the 9th to 10th week of intrauterine development (Jørgensen et al, 1995), which would be in accordance with our present findings. This is also in agreement with epidemiological data (Adami et al, 1994), immunohistochemical findings (Cummings et al, 1994;Heidenreich et al, 1998;Hittmair et al, 1996;Rajpert-De Meyts and Skakkebaek, 1994;Roelofs et al, 1999), and expression analysis of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K)-specific transcripts (Herbst et al, 1999;Roelofs et al, 1998). These markers are overall negative in normal spermatogenesis and spermatocytic seminomas, and positive in TGCTs.…”

Section: Stoop Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although seminoma and carcinoma in situ are consistently positive for c-KIT and placental/germ cell alkaline phosphatase (Rajpert-De Meyts and Skakkebaek, 1994;Roelofs et al, 1999), the spermatocytic seminomas are overall negative (Dekker et al, 1992 and this paper). The positivity of spermatocytic seminoma for SCP1 and SSX can, in our view, not simply be explained because they belong to the group of so-called cancer/testis antigens.…”

Section: Stoop Et Almentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Total cellular RNA was isolated from 10-15 tissue sections, 20-m thick, of the snap-frozen tissue samples, ie, four seminomas and four spermatocytic seminomas, using Trizol (Life Technologies, Breda, the Netherlands) as described earlier (Roelofs et al, 1999). The first and last tissue sections (5-m thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to confirm a percentage of tumor cells of more than 80% in the samples.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TGCTs originate from carcinoma in situ (Skakkebaek, 1972), supposed to be the malignant counterpart of an embryonic germ cell. This view is based on the finding that, morphologically (Gondos, 1993) and immunohistochemically, carcinoma in situ (and seminoma) shows similarities to embryonic germ cells, including their positivity for placental/germ cell alkaline phosphatase (Roelofs et al, 1999), stem cell factor receptor c-KIT (Rajpert-De Meyts and Skakkebaek, 1994), and glycogen . Moreover, epidemiological data indicate that the initiating event in the pathogenesis of TGCTs occurs during intrauterine development (Møller, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of Germ Cell Maturation Stage-Specific Markers in Spermatocytic Seminoma: Diagnostic and Etiological Implications

Stoop

Gurp

Krijger

et al. 2001

Laboratory Investigation

100

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SUMMARY:It is generally accepted that testicular seminomas and spermatocytic seminomas have separate pathogeneses, although the origin of these two types of germ cell tumors of the adult testis remains a matter of debate. Although an embryonic germ cell origin seems to be most likely for seminomas, a spermatogonia-spermatocyte origin has been suggested for spermatocytic seminoma. To shed more light on the etiology of spermatocytic seminomas, we undertook an immunohistochemical and molecular approach using SCP1 (synaptonemal complex protein 1), SSX (synovial sarcoma on X chromosome), and XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum type A) as targets. Although a stage-specific expression pattern has been reported for SCP1 and SSX in normal spermatogenesis, we demonstrate here that it also exists for XPA. In fact, immunohistochemistry shows that the proteins of SCP1 and XPA are specifically present in the stage of primary and pachytene spermatocytes. In contrast, SSX was found in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, as well as in germ cells, from at least the 17th week of intrauterine development onward. Although no protein encoded by any of these genes was detected in tumor cells of a series of testicular seminomas, all tested spermatocytic seminomas were positive, in agreement with expression analysis. These data support the model that seminomas originate from an embryonic germ cell, and they imply that the cell of origin of spermatocytic seminomas is at least capable of maturing to the stage of spermatogonia-pachytene spermatocyte. (Lab Invest 2001, 81:919 -928).

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Section: Stoop Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Stoop Et Almentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity of Germ Cell Maturation Stage-Specific Markers in Spermatocytic Seminoma: Diagnostic and Etiological Implications

Stoop

Gurp

Krijger

et al. 2001

Laboratory Investigation

100

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“…1, D and E). As described previously (Roelofs et al, 1999), some of the embryonal carcinoma cells still contain GCAP/PLAP. However, these cells were negative for VASA (see Fig.…”

Section: Fig 1 B and C)mentioning

confidence: 57%

VASA Is a Specific Marker for Both Normal and Malignant Human Germ Cells

Zeeman

Stoop

Boter

et al. 2002

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:VASA is so far the only known gene in mammals whose expression is specific for the germ cell lineage. We investigated the presence of VASA mRNA and protein in a series of germ cell tumors of different histologic subtypes and anatomic location, as well as in nongerm cell tumors such as testicular lymphomas and Leydig cell tumors. We detected VASA mRNA (by quantitative RT-PCR) and protein (by immunohistochemical staining) in normal spermatogenesis, seminoma (both classic and spermatocytic), carcinoma in situ (the precursor of classic seminoma and nonseminoma), dysgerminoma, and gonadoblastoma. VASA immunostaining was relatively weak in seminomas and dysgerminomas compared with spermatocytic seminomas, despite similar mRNA levels, suggesting that VASA is regulated in part by post-transcriptional mechanisms. A higher staining intensity compared with the invasive counterparts was observed in the precursor lesions (ie, carcinoma in situ and gonadoblastoma). No VASA mRNA or protein was detectable in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (such as embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumor) and derived cell lines, or nongerm cell tumors such as lymphoma or Leydig cell tumor. These results provide direct evidence that some germ cell tumors retain germ cell characteristics, whereas other tumors of germ cell origin result from differentiation and loss of germ cell identity. Furthermore, these findings suggest that VASA is likely to serve as a useful and highly specific biomarker for germ cell tumors, particularly classic and spermatocytic seminoma/dysgerminoma, including their precursor stages. (Lab Invest 2002, 82:159 -166).

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Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma

Ezeh

Turek

Reijo

et al. 2005

Cancer

400

291

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The Basques have a well‐documented history of migration and settlement in the Americas, and they often retain cultural identity across generations. Numerous genetic studies have been carried out on European Basques; thus, immigrant Basques are an ideal population for investigating the genetic consequences of a recent human migration event. We have sampled 53 unrelated individuals with Basque ancestry in Boise, Idaho and determined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation of the first and second hypervariable regions. Thirty‐six mtDNA haplotypes were detected in our sample. We found evidence of genetic changes consistent with founder effects, which is compatible with the known history of migration. Compared with the European Basque population, the immigrant Basques are significantly different in terms of haplogroup frequency distribution and diversity. They have a lower measure of weighted intralineage mean pairwise diversity (WIMP) and greater genetic distance from other European populations. These data indicate that this immigrant Basque population has experienced a reduction in genetic diversity compared with the putative source population. However, this loss of diversity is not detectable using indices of demographic history such as Tajima's D and Fu's F. This study represents the first description of mtDNA diversity in an immigrant Basque population, and our findings indicate that founder effects accompanying this relatively recent migration event have shaped the genetic diversity of this population. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Heterogeneity in alkaline phosphatase isozyme expression in human testicular germ cell tumours: An enzyme-/immunohistochemical and molecular analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Reactivity of Germ Cell Maturation Stage-Specific Markers in Spermatocytic Seminoma: Diagnostic and Etiological Implications

Reactivity of Germ Cell Maturation Stage-Specific Markers in Spermatocytic Seminoma: Diagnostic and Etiological Implications

VASA Is a Specific Marker for Both Normal and Malignant Human Germ Cells

Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma

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