Heterogeneity among<i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i>Isolates from Africa

Stragier, Pieter; Ablordey, Anthony; Bayonne, L. Manou; Lugor, Yatta L.; Sindani, Ireneaus S.; Suykerbuyk, Patrick; Wabinga, Henry; Meyers, Wayne M.; Portaels, Françoise

doi:10.3201/eid1205.051191

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Screening of the M. ulcerans strain Agy99 genome sequence from Ghana with tandem repeats finder software identified 45 perfect tandem-repeat-containing loci which have not been described in previous studies (Ablordey et al, 2005a, b;Hilty et al, 2006;Stragier et al, 2005Stragier et al, , 2006. Eleven out of 45 loci were excluded from further analysis for various reasons, including the presence of insertion sequence elements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing is a promising typing tool for M. ulcerans, because analysis based on few loci already has a higher discriminatory power than other standard molecular typing methods (Ablordey et al, 2005a, b;Hilty et al, 2006;Stragier et al, 2005Stragier et al, , 2006. VNTR typing thus revealed for the first time genetic diversity within isolates from African countries (Hilty et al, 2006;Stragier et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VNTR typing thus revealed for the first time genetic diversity within isolates from African countries (Hilty et al, 2006;Stragier et al, 2006). So far, two approaches have been used to identify loci suitable for VNTR typing of M. ulcerans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Mycobacterium ulcerans genome sequence reveals new loci for variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing

et al. 2007

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Screening of the genome sequence of the Mycobacterium ulcerans strain Agy99 from Ghana with tandem repeats finder software revealed 34 novel non-degenerate tandem repeats containing loci suitable for variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing. All loci revealed polymorphism within M. ulcerans isolates of geographically diverse origins. The results confirm the evolutionary scenario suggested by multi-locus sequence typing in which a progenitor of all M. ulcerans lineages emerged from the environmental species Mycobacterium marinum and subsequently diverged into several geographical lineages. For further attempts to develop a VNTR-based genetic fingerprinting tool for M. ulcerans, it is suggested that the focus should rather be on M. marinum than on the African M. ulcerans Agy99 genome sequence as a starting point.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Mycobacterium ulcerans genome sequence reveals new loci for variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing

et al. 2007

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“…This finding was not unexpected because variations in IS 2404 and VNTRs occur in African M. ulcerans isolates, especially when east and west African strains are compared. 6,18 Despite notable sequence homology of our patient's IS 2404 amplicon with M. ulcerans Agy99 and 2 control strains, we could not identify an exact match with any of the sequences on PubMed, which suggests a possible west Kenya variant.…”

Section: 11mentioning

confidence: 76%

Clinical and Molecular Evidence for a Case of Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection) in Kenya

Walsh

Eyase²,

Onyango³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Mycobacterium ulcerans infection is an emerging disease that causes indolent, necrotizing skin lesions known as Buruli ulcer (BU) and occasional contiguous or metastatic bone lesions. Buruli ulcer is named after Buruli County in Uganda (east Africa), where an epidemic occurred in the 1960s. Today, BU is most common in central and west Africa. We describe clinical and molecular evidence for a case of BU in Kenya.Mycobacterium ulcerans is an emerging infection that causes indolent, necrotizing skin lesions known as Buruli ulcer (BU). 1Reactive osteitis or osteomyelitis beneath skin lesions, or metastatic osteomyelitis from lymphohematogenous spread of M. ulcerans , develops in approximately 10% of infected patients. 2The most plausible mode of transmission is by trauma at cutaneous sites superficially contaminated by M. ulcerans . Mycolactones elaborated by M. ulcerans are probably the most important pathogenic factors in lesions of BU.3,4 Incidence of BU is highest in children ≤ 15 years of age, and is a public health problem in disease-endemic countries because of disabling sequelae that may include scarring contractures, bone destruction, and amputations.2 The prevalence of BU is highest in west and central Africa, but the disease has also been reported in more than 30 countries, including several countries in east Africa, such as Sudan. 2 We describe clinical and molecular evidence in support of the first confirmed case of BU in Kenya.A 34-year-old woman (FO) who lived in a village approximately 10-15 km from Kisumu (Lake Victoria region in western Kenya) came to the outpatient clinic of New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital with four annular, painless, pristine ulcers with undermined borders and cotton-like necrotic centers on the right thigh ( Figure 1 ). Each ulcer was surrounded by induration, mild hyperpigmentation, and scaling. The lesions had been present for 6-12 months and described as non-healing and slowly progressive. The hip area was tender on palpation and the patient walked with a limp. She did not recall antecedent trauma to the site. There was no evidence of previous treatment. Social history was notable for manual work in the family garden, and exposure to natural water sources when washing clothes. Serologic status for infection with human immunodeficiency virus was unknown.Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen stainings of swab smears of exudate from the undermined areas of the ulcers showed grampositive cocci and numerous, scattered, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) ( Figure 2 ). Swab samples of exudate were placed in 70% ethanol for molecular analysis. Bacterial cultures or a lesional biopsy were not done. The patient was referred for a right hip radiograph to establish possible bone involvement, but she absconded and the procedure was not done. Upon completion of molecular analyses described below, repeated attempts to find the patient for follow up were unsuccessful.For real-time and conventional diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA from lesion swabs of two patients, the subject of this r...

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“…The discovery in 1997 of the sequence of insertion IS2404 specific to M. ulcerans has been a catalyst for further research of the environmental germs (Ross et al 1997). It shares this sequence with the other environmental mycobacteria such as M. marinum, M. liflandii and M. pseudoshottsii (Chemlal et al, 2002;Stragier et al, 2006). These slow growing mycobacteria would also be responsible for skin ulceration (Stragier et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbiological and molecular characterization of environmental mycobacterium strains isolated from the Buruli ulcer endemic and non-endemic zones in Cte dIvoire

Vakou¹,

Julien²,

Kakou-Ngazoa³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), the causative agent of Buruli ulcer (BU), skin disease, is considered to be an environmental pathogen. The pathogenic virulence of MU is being linked to the expression of toxin called Mycolactone. Genetic analyses have shown the high diversity with variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) in M. ulcerans and in mycolactone producing Mycobacteria (MPMs). The purpose of this study is the molecular characterization of potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria strain, apart from the M. ulcerans, from aquatic environments in Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 473 samples were collected comprising of 251 water and 222 sediment based on sampling sites. The sediments were the most contaminated by mycobacteria with 60% as against 43.3% in water samples from the hyper endemic areas. In hypoendemic areas, water was the most contaminated with 53.57% against 43.24% in sediment. Microscopy by Ziehl-Neelsen-staining, and PCR diagnostics using IS2404 and KR were performed on strains. 20% fast growing isolated mycobacteria species including Mycobacterium mucogenicum, Mycobacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium sp. was found carrying the IS2404 gene previously found in M. ulcerans. 9.23% of strains carry the ketoreductase (KR) genes, one of the synthesis of mycolactone enzymes. In terms of genetic analysis using the MIRU/VNTR, the MIRU 1 was the most amplified sequence, and LOCUS 6 less amplified; no known profile have been identified in this study. This study is the first step taken in order to understand different skin infections encountered in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Heterogeneity amongMycobacterium ulceransIsolates from Africa

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of the Mycobacterium ulcerans genome sequence reveals new loci for variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing

Analysis of the Mycobacterium ulcerans genome sequence reveals new loci for variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) typing

Clinical and Molecular Evidence for a Case of Buruli Ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection) in Kenya

Microbiological and molecular characterization of environmental mycobacterium strains isolated from the Buruli ulcer endemic and non-endemic zones in Cte dIvoire

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