Heterodyne detection of multiply scattered monochromatic light with a multipixel detector

Gross, Michel; Goy, P.; Forget, B.C.; Atlan, Michaël; Ramaz, François; Boccara, Albert‐Claude; Dunn, Andrew K.

doi:10.1364/ol.30.001357

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2. The experimental data are fitted with a theoretical model from [6] leading to an intensity of saturation around 1.25kW/cm 2 , consistent with the theory. Experimental data are fitted according to [7].…”

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confidence: 60%

“…However, they have almost never been tested in vivo where the sample can be moving due to breathe, heart beats or blood flow. In those cases, the speckle decorrelates overtime (1ms [6]) and the recording of the hologram may not be fast enough. Indeed most of the photo-refractive crystals have a response time between 1ms and 100ms, thus if the movements of the sample changes the speckle with a typical time around 1ms, the hologram will become blurred making the detection inefficient.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical phase conjugation in Nd:YVO_4 for acousto-optic detection in scattering media

2013

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Acousto-optic imaging is a technique that maps the optical properties of thick scattering sample with a millimetric resolution. The detection of the acousto-optic signal represents a challenge because it is very weak amongst a strong parasitic signal. Various methods based on holography in photorefractive crystals or digital holography have been studied. Here dynamic holography is obtained with the gain medium Nd:YVO 4 . We study the experimental feasibility of a detection system based on holography in a gain media and show the first acousto-optic results obtained in a 5mm slice of chicken breast.

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confidence: 60%

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confidence: 99%

Optical phase conjugation in Nd:YVO_4 for acousto-optic detection in scattering media

2013

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“…[4][5][6] However, this technique has the disadvantage of being relatively slow, to the point of becoming impractical for use with living biological tissue: the typical response time of a PRC based system is 10-100 ms. 7,8 In contrast, the decorrelation time in biological tissue is less than 0.1 ms. 9 Recently, techniques based on cryogenically cooled rare-earth-ion-doped crystals have received some interest due to the ability to create high contrast spectral filters using spectral hole burning. 10 In particular, this is highly effective in Pr 3þ : Y 2 SiO 5 due to the long spectral hole lifetime.…”

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Using quantum memory techniques for optical detection of ultrasound

McAuslan¹,

Taylor²,

Longdell³

2012

Appl. Phys. Lett.

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“…It might be used to perform holography with at extremely low signal level, e.g. nano-object imaging... We have used a variant of this technique to detect the so called "tagged photons" in acousto-optic imaging [13], or the photons that are transmitted through the breast, in vivo [14]. With a high quantum efficiency camera, the technique could also be used to perform quantum optics tests (non classical photon statistics, squeezed states).…”

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confidence: 99%

Digital holography with ultimate sensitivity

Gross

Atlan

2007

Opt. Lett.

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We propose a variant of the heterodyne holography scheme, which combines the properties of off-axis and phase-shifting holography. This scheme makes it possible filter-off numerically the zero order image alias, and the technical noise of the reference. It is then possible to record and reconstruct holographic images at an extremely low signal level. We show experimentally that the sensitivity of the method is limited only by the quantum nature of photons.Digital holography is a fast-growing research field that has drawn increasing attention [1]. The main advantage of digital holography is that, contrarily to holography with photographic plates [2], the holograms are recorded by a CCD and the image is digitally reconstructed by a computer, avoiding photographic processing [3]. Off-axis holography [4] is the oldest and the simplest configuration adapted to digital holography [5,6,7].In off-axis digital holography, as well as in photographic plates holography, the reference or local oscillator (LO) beam is angularly tilted with respect to the object observation axis. It is then possible to record, with a single hologram, the two quadratures of the object complex field. However, the object field of view is reduced, since one must avoid the overlapping of the image with the conjugate image alias [8].Phase shifting digital holography [9, 10] records several images with different phase for the LO beam. It is then possible to obtain the two quadratures of the field in an on axis configuration even though the conjugate image alias and the true image overlap, because aliases can be removed by taking images differences.In this paper, we propose a digital holography technique that combines off-axis geometry (introduced by Schnars et al. [6]), with the use of a sequence of images obtained with different phase shifts of the LO beam to record the hologram in amplitude and phase (as proposed by Yamaguchi et al. [9]). To get precise phase shift, Le Clerc's et al.[10] heterodyne technique is used. Using a spatial filtering method (Cuche's et al. [8]), the zero order image, and the noise attached to it, is filtered-off numerically. As shown experimentally, this combination of techniques makes it possible to record and reconstruct holographic images at a very low level of signal: 1 photo electron of signal per reconstructed image pixel during a whole sequence of 12 images (≃ 1 s). This corresponds to the ultimate quantum limit.The setup is shown on Fig.1. It is similar to the one used in [10,11]. The main laser L is a Sanyo DL-7140-201 diode laser (λ = 785 nm, 50 mW for 95 mA of current). It is split into an illumination beam (frequency ω L , complex field E L ), and in a LO beam (ω LO , E LO ). The object we want to image is an USAF target in transmission, which is back illuminated. The object signal field E is not shifted in frequency (ω L ). A set of optical attenuators A (grey neutral filter) is used to reduce the illumination. The CCD camera (PCO Pixelfly digital camera: 12 bit, frame rate ω CCD = 12.5 Hz, acquisition time T ...

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Heterodyne detection of multiply scattered monochromatic light with a multipixel detector

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Optical phase conjugation in Nd:YVO_4 for acousto-optic detection in scattering media

Optical phase conjugation in Nd:YVO_4 for acousto-optic detection in scattering media

Using quantum memory techniques for optical detection of ultrasound

Digital holography with ultimate sensitivity

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