Heteroditopic Rotaxanes and Catenanes for Ion Pair Recognition

Abstract

A review of heteroditopic interlocked molecules and their application as receptors for simple inorganic ion pair species. The review details the design and ion recognition properties of the rotaxane and catenane receptors, as well as highlighting some of the experimental challenges; hence, it provides insight into possible future avenues of research in this youthful field.

From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels

“…Accordingly, several approaches have been studied with the MIMs by different groups towards sensing and recognition of anions, 77 cations 78 or ion pairs. 10,79 In this section, specifically, heteroditopic MIMs-based recognition and sensing applications are described and divided into three major categories: (i) anion, (ii) cation and (iii) ion pair recognition/sensing.…”

“…9 A recent article by Evan's group reviewed heteroditopic rotaxanes and catenanes for ion-pair recognition. 10 However, a detailed discussion on new generation heteroditopic macrocycle/bicycle directed MIMs along with their significance in different directions has not yet been presented. In this feature article, we present up-to-date (2023) design aspects for the application of new-generation interlocked molecules, mainly focusing on heteroditopic wheels.…”

Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane with sulfate sensing capability

“…Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as catenanes, rotaxanes, or knots, have emerged as captivating hosts for molecular recognition, [1][2][3][4][5] with ever-expanding applications in sensing, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] catalysis, 9,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and the construction of molecular machines. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] They are particularly appealing for their threedimensional cavities, which can serve as distinctive, solventshielded binding sites, 29,30 and for the unique dynamic properties of their interlocked components (e.g.…”

Squaramide‐Based Heteroditopic [2]Rotaxanes for Sodium Halide Ion‐Pair Recognition

“…Whilst in general, this has been directed towards anion recognition [31][32][33] recent advances have demonstrated equal promise in the first examples of heteroditopic MIMs designed to recognize ionpairs. [34][35][36][37][38] A consistent challenge in the design of heteroditopic receptors is to simultaneously integrate binding motifs which can function as cation and anion recognition motifs. Although well known as strong, bi-directional hydrogen bonding donor motifs for anion binding [39][40][41] surprisingly the Lewis basicity of the two carbonyl groups of squaramides has not to our knowledge been exploited for potential concomitant metal cation coordination (Figure 1a).…”

“…Exploiting the unique recognition environments afforded by mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) host topologies, we [23–27] and others [28–30] have demonstrated notable enhancements conferred by the mechanical bond effect for charged guest species recognition relative to non‐interlocked acyclic or macrocyclic counterparts. Whilst in general, this has been directed towards anion recognition [31–33] recent advances have demonstrated equal promise in the first examples of heteroditopic MIMs designed to recognize ion‐pairs [34–38] …”