Hetergeneous-nucleation synthesis of monodisperse ε-cobalt nanoparticles using palladium seeds

Formation and Oxidation of Nanosized Metal Particles by Electrochemical Reaction of Li and Na with NiCo2O4: X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study

“…Thus ∼1 nm should be regarded as a lower limit on the size of the metal particles. Lithium oxide exerts a protection against coalescence of the metal particles, which is not present in cobalt or bimetallic samples prepared by other means. − Also, a thin cobalt oxide (CoO) passivating layer around the metal core, as found in the products using macromolecular surfactants, is not seen in the electrode working at ca. 0 V vs Li, as there is no contact with air, and this could be considered an indirect method of preparation of metal-oxide-free metal nanoparticles.…”

The reductive supercritical hydrothermal process, a novel synthesis method for cobalt nanoparticles: synthesis and investigation on the reaction mechanism

“…However, environmental aspects such as exposure to toxic metals and the excessive use of organic solvents have not been sufficiently considered. [9][10][11][12][13] Environmental impacts should be thoroughly investigated before applying these methods in industry, especially at mass production scales. 14 To prevent environmental exposure to toxic metals and minimize the use of organic solvents, Adschiri's group [15][16][17][18] has developed supercritical water technology with hydrogen to syn-thesize metal nanoparticles.…”