Liebenberg N, Joca S, Wegener G. Nitric oxide involvement in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression.Objective: We investigated whether the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine, can prevent the antidepressant-like action of the fast-acting antidepressant, ketamine, in a genetic rat model of depression, and/or induce changes in the glutamate (Glu)/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway. Hereby it was evaluated whether the NO signalling system is involved in the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine. Methods: Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received single i.p. injections of ketamine (15 mg/kg) with/without pre-treatment (30 min prior) with L-arginine (500 mg/kg). Depression-like behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) in terms of immobility, and the activation state of the Glu/NMDAR/NO/cGMP pathway was evaluated ex vivo in the frontal cortex and hippocampus regions in terms of total constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity and cGMP concentration. Results: L-Arginine pre-treatment prevented the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the FST, as well as a ketamine-induced increase in cGMP levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of FSL rats. Ketamine reduced cNOS activity only in the hippocampus, and this effect was not reversed by L-arginine. Conclusion: Both the behavioural and molecular results from this study indicate an involvement for the NO signalling pathway in the antidepressant action of ketamine. Although not easily interpretable, these findings broaden our knowledge of effects of ketamine on the NO system.
Signficant outcomes• The behavioural results indicate the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) signalling system in the antidepressant-like action of ketamine;• The molecular data reveals ketamine-induced changes in NO signalling in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and indicates that increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels may be important for the antidepressant action of ketamine.
Limitations• The behavioural test used in this study is not appropriate for the evaluation of onset of action of antidepressants, and the results can therefore not reveal whether NO signalling is specifically involved in the time of onset of ketamine's antidepressant effect.• The observation that L-arginine on its own did not increase, but instead decreased constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity in both brain regions tested, complicates the interpretation of the results.
90https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi