Gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background generates a curl pattern in the observed polarization. This "B-mode" signal provides a measure of the projected mass distribution over the entire observable Universe and also acts as a contaminant for the measurement of primordial gravitywave signals. In this Letter we present the first detection of gravitational lensing B modes, using first-season data from the polarization-sensitive receiver on the South Pole Telescope (SPTpol). We construct a template for the lensing B-mode signal by combining E-mode polarization measured by SPTpol with estimates of the lensing potential from a Herschel -SPIRE map of the cosmic infrared background. We compare this template to the B modes measured directly by SPTpol, finding a non-zero correlation at 7.7σ significance. The correlation has an amplitude and scale-dependence consistent with theoretical expectations, is robust with respect to analysis choices, and constitutes the first measurement of a powerful cosmological observable. [2,3]. B modes are not generated at linear order in perturbation theory by the scalar perturbations which are the dominant source of CMB temperature and E-mode anisotropies. Because of this, B modes are of great interest as a clean probe of two more subtle signals: (1) primordial tensor perturbations in the early Universe [4,5], the measurement of which would provide a unique probe of the energy scale of inflation; and (2) gravitational lensing, which generates a distinctive nonGaussian B-mode signal [6] that can be used to measure the projected mass distribution and constrain cosmological parameters such as the sum of neutrino masses (for a review, see [7]).Previous experiments have placed upper limits on the B-mode polarization anisotropy [8][9][10][11]. In this Letter we present the first detection of B modes sourced by gravitational lensing, using first-season data from SPTpol, the polarization-sensitive receiver on the South Pole Telescope.Gravitational lensing remaps the observed position of CMB anisotropies asn →n+∇φ(n), where φ is the CMB lensing potential [12]. This remapping mixes some of the (relatively) large E-mode signal into B. The induced B mode at Fourier wavevector l B is given to first order in φ as [13]