Herpesviruses: Harmonious Pathogens but Relevant Cofactors in Other Diseases?

Sehrawat, Sharvan; Kumar, Dhaneshwar; Rouse, Barry T.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00177

Cited by 98 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…On another matter, functional conservation of exaptation within a subfamily (namely, the γ-herpesviruses) may be relevant to Ung function data within other subfamilies (namely, the β-herpesviruses) but structure-based drug design cannot be considered in the latter subfamily at the present time because no betaherpesvirus Ung structures have been deposited to date. It has been seen that good practice in drug discovery may still lead to late-stage drug candidate failures [8], but there is a need for compounds with good solubility characteristics, and lower toxicity, particularly in immune-compromised healthcare settings [1,2,[4][5][6][7]. It is proposed that the Ungs of herpesviruses provide suitable ground to develop programmes that could reasonably deliver the required outcomes for future therapeutics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a risk of fatality due to the primary effects of herpesvirus infection such as oncogenesis, encephalitis, oedema or haemorrhage. There can also be secondary effects: For example, morbid systemic complications, or bacterial superinfection; in the worst cases these secondary issues can also result in fatality [1,2,[4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Herpesviridae and Human Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major deployed drugs include acyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir and letermovir [2]. Notwithstanding the success of these drugs, there are toxicity effects and resistance phenomena in the immunocompromised/ immunosuppressed population [1,2,[4][5][6][7]. Therefore, alternative therapeutic agents that could also lower the viral load or reduce the viability of virus progeny, but that act in novel modes with less toxicity compared to those currently available, would improve control of these important viral pathogens.…”

Section: Herpesviridae and Human Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Essential Co-Option of Uracil-DNA Glycosylases by Herpesviruses Invites Novel Antiviral Design

Savva

2020

Microorganisms

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Vast evolutionary distances separate the known herpesviruses, adapted to colonise specialised cells in predominantly vertebrate hosts. Nevertheless, the distinct herpesvirus families share recognisably related genomic attributes. The taxonomic Family Herpesviridae includes many important human and animal pathogens. Successful antiviral drugs targeting Herpesviridae are available, but the need for reduced toxicity and improved efficacy in critical healthcare interventions invites novel solutions: immunocompromised patients presenting particular challenges. A conserved enzyme required for viral fitness is Ung, a uracil-DNA glycosylase, which is encoded ubiquitously in Herpesviridae genomes and also host cells. Research investigating Ung in Herpesviridae dynamics has uncovered an unexpected combination of viral co-option of host Ung, along with remarkable Subfamily-specific exaptation of the virus-encoded Ung. These enzymes apparently play essential roles, both in the maintenance of viral latency and during initiation of lytic replication. The ubiquitously conserved Ung active site has previously been explored as a therapeutic target. However, exquisite selectivity and better drug-like characteristics might instead be obtained via targeting structural variations within another motif of catalytic importance in Ung. The motif structure is unique within each Subfamily and essential for viral survival. This unique signature in highly conserved Ung constitutes an attractive exploratory target for the development of novel beneficial therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herpesviridae and Human Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Herpesviridae and Human Health Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Essential Co-Option of Uracil-DNA Glycosylases by Herpesviruses Invites Novel Antiviral Design

Savva

2020

Microorganisms

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“…Among the different deadly viruses, Herpesviridae, belonging to a large family, is responsible for a wide range of mild to severe infections in humans. Out of 130 members of the Herpesviridae family, eight human herpesviruses have been considered, based on their biological properties toward host range, genetic make-up, and mode of replication, into three subfamilies, namely alpha-, beta-, and gamma-herpesvirinae [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Algae: A Potential Resource of Anti-HSV Molecules

et al. 2019

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Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae–derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.

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“…Viruses and tumors considered in relation to them. Viruses that are examined in the aspect under consideration include the following: arenaviruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, LCMV), herpes viruses (cytomegalovirus, CMV), in relation to acute leukemia and В-cell lymphomas; co-infections with other viruses; Epstein-Barr virus, EBV, in relation to mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphomas; vaginal herpes viruses [7,28,34]); papovaviruses (human papillomavirus, HPV, in relation to cervical cancer); pox viruses (cattle pox virus, mice pox virus, vaccinavirus or orthopoxvirus, VACV) [19,27]; retroviruses (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, including co-infection with CMV; in relation to lymphomas); flaviviruses (hepatitis-С virus, HCV; in relation to hepatocellular carcinomas HCC); hepatitis-В virus [HBV] and hepatitis delta virus [HDV]) [25]; togaviruses (chikungunya virus; in relation to sarcomas) [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NK-cells that identify glycopatterns and their anti-tumor potential against a background of epidemically significant viral infections

Lakhtin¹,

Lakhtin²,

Алешкин³

et al. 2019

Health Risk Analysis

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Risks related to tumors development against a background of viral infections as well as factors that determine such risks or reduce them have not been examined profoundly so far. Our research goal was to accomplish a scientific review of research on a potential possessed by populations of lectin NK-cells (natural killers) in a body; such populations can have variable sets of lectin and other functionally significant cell surface receptors against tumors in a situation when viruses, including epidemically significant ones, penetrate a body. It is shown that cofunctioning of various receptors and their ligands that redistribute cytokines (glycopattern-identifying lectin (basis) receptors, Ig-similar receptors, cytotoxic receptors, and other effector (adjusting) receptors) plays a significant role in intercellular communications and effects produced by NK-populations. NK-populations network is a promising resource for body protection and it should be taken into account when developing new anti-tumor and anti-viralpreventive and medical strategies. When certain NK-populations with protective functions are absent in a body, it can be considered a new multi-factor risk of viral and oncologic diseases in an individual or a contingent living in a specific region. The reviewed data can be applied to develop new anti-tumor and anti-viral medications and vaccines as well as medical strategies. Probiotic lectins are promising ligands of intercellular communications associated with immune surveillance. Read online __________________________  Lakhtin M.V.

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Herpesviruses: Harmonious Pathogens but Relevant Cofactors in Other Diseases?

Cited by 98 publications

References 218 publications

The Essential Co-Option of Uracil-DNA Glycosylases by Herpesviruses Invites Novel Antiviral Design

The Essential Co-Option of Uracil-DNA Glycosylases by Herpesviruses Invites Novel Antiviral Design

Marine Algae: A Potential Resource of Anti-HSV Molecules

NK-cells that identify glycopatterns and their anti-tumor potential against a background of epidemically significant viral infections

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