Herpesviruses and human endogenous retroviral sequences in the cerebrospinal                 fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

Álvarez‐Lafuente, Roberto; García-Montojo, Marta; Heras, Virginia de las; Domínguez-Mozo, María Inmaculada; Bartolomé, Manuel; Benito‐Martín, María Soledad; Arroyo, Rafael

doi:10.1177/1352458507086425

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such a reactivation has been reported by Serafini et al, who detected an increased EBV reactivation in post-mortem brain tissue of two acute MS cases [18]. However, EBV-infected B cells [35] and EBV cell-free virions [18,36] were rarely observed in the CSF of MS patients. This may be accounted for by the low frequency of B cells present in the CSF [37], the maintenance of virus-specific memory CD8 1 T cells in the absence of cognate antigen [38] or by the specific presence of reservoirs for EBV in other brain compartments [18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Intrathecal immune responses to EBV in early MS

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EBV has been consistently associated with MS, but its signature in the CNS has rarely been examined. In this study, we assessed EBV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with early MS, other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND) and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND). The neurotropic herpesvirus CMV served as a control. Virus-specific humoral immune responses were assessed in 123 consecutive patients and the intrathecal recruitment of virus-specific antibodies was expressed as antibody indexes. Cellular immune responses tested in the blood of 55/123 patients were positive in 46/55. The CD8 1 CTL responses of these 46 patients were assessed in the blood and CSF using a CFSE-based CTL assay. We found that viral capsid antigen and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-1, but not CMV IgG antibody indexes, were increased in early MS as compared with OIND and NIND patients. There was also intrathecal enrichment in EBV-, but not CMV-specific, CD8 1 CTL in early MS patients. By contrast, OIND and NIND patients did not recruit EBV-nor CMV-specific CD8 1 CTL in the CSF. Our data, showing a high EBV-, but not CMV-specific intrathecal immune response, strengthen the association between EBV and MS, in particular at the onset of the disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Intrathecal immune responses to EBV in early MS

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Only the results of the following studies were positive: AlvarezLafuente et al [21], Mancuso et al [32] and Sanders et al [39]. The Sanders et al [39] study also showed the percentage of positive results as being greater in controls than in cases.…”

Section: Detection Of Ebv Dna In Brain Tissue and In Csfmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Studies that detected EBV DNA in brain tissue [30,39] and CSF [21,26,30,32,33] (Table 7) failed to prove the association between the virus and the disease. Only the results of the following studies were positive: AlvarezLafuente et al [21], Mancuso et al [32] and Sanders et al [39].…”

Section: Detection Of Ebv Dna In Brain Tissue and In Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: analytic study of scientific production

Santiago

Gutiérrez

Sorlózano

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies have been carried out to determine whether infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be considered as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). This work is a meta-analysis of casecontrol observational studies published before January 2009 aimed at assessing the degree of association between EBV and MS infections. A Medline electronic database search was carried out using "Epstein-Barr virus" and "multiple sclerosis" as keywords, from which we selected 30 published studies that met our methodology criteria. We found an association between MS and an exposure to EBV, studied by determining the anti-VCA IgG antibodies (odds ratio [OR]=5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.37-8.81; p<0.0001), anti-complex EBNA IgG (OR=5.4; 95% CI= 2.94-9.76; p<0.0001) and anti-EBNA-1 IgG (OR=12.1; 95% CI=3. 13-46.89; p<0.0001). No significant association could be found when studying anti-EA IgG (OR=1.3; 95% CI=0.68-2.35; p=0.457), EBV DNA in serum (OR= 1.8; p=0.051) and DNA in brain tissues and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (OR=0.9; 95% CI=0.38-2.01; p=0.768). This meta-analysis detected an association between infection by EBV and MS through the investigation of antibodies, mainly anti-EBNA-1, anticomplex EBNA and anti-VCA IgG.

show abstract

“…Two studies achieved statistically significant results between MS patients and controls and were classified as A quality. 28,53 Liedtke et al 28 studied both cellular and acellular samples. Another 2 studies were classified as A quality.…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%