Herpesviral infection in a Guiana dolphin (<i>Sotalia guianensis</i>) from the northern coast of Brazil

Seade, Gisele Cristine Castro; Cerqueira, Valíria Duarte; Sierra, Eva; Chaves, Jaese Farias; Moura, M. A. O.; Montão, Daniele P.; Riet-Correa, Gabriela; Oliveira, Carlos Alberto de; Siciliano, Salvatore; Emin-Lima, Renata; Costa, Alexandra Fernandes; Fernández, Antonio; Júnior, Pedro Soares Bezerra

doi:10.1177/1040638717727794

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cetaceanpoxvirus has been reported in a wide spectrum of hosts, and in Brazil, molecularly confirmed cases are limited to bottlenose dolphins and Guiana dolphins. 55 Herpesvirus has been previously described in 2 Guiana dolphins, 54,62 but infection was not confirmed in the 3 cases tested in this study. The significance of these potential viral coinfections with CeMV is unknown.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

et al. 2020

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Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV; Paramyxoviridae) is the most significant pathogen of cetaceans worldwide. The novel “multi-host” Guiana dolphin ( Sotalia guianensis; GD)-CeMV strain is reported in South American waters and infects Guiana dolphins and southern right whales ( Eubalaena australis). This study aimed to describe the pathologic findings, GD-CeMV viral antigen distribution and detection by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction), and infectious comorbidities in 29 Guiana dolphins that succumbed during an unusual mass-mortality event in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, between November 2017 and March 2018. The main gross findings were lack of ingesta, pulmonary edema, ascites, icterus, hepatic lipidosis, multicentric lymphadenomegaly, as well as pneumonia, polyserositis, and multiorgan vasculitis caused by Halocercus brasiliensis. Microscopically, the primary lesions were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and multicentric lymphoid depletion. The severity and extent of the lesions paralleled the distribution and intensity of morbilliviral antigen. For the first time in cetaceans, morbilliviral antigen was detected in salivary gland, optic nerve, heart, diaphragm, parietal and visceral epithelium of glomeruli, vulva, and thyroid gland. Viral antigen within circulating leukocytes suggested this as a mechanism of dissemination within the host. Comorbidities included disseminated toxoplasmosis, mycosis, ciliated protozoosis, and bacterial disease including brucellosis. These results provide strong evidence for GD-CeMV as the main cause of this unusual mass-mortality event.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

et al. 2020

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“…The greatest proportions of HV-positive samples in our study occurred in the same tissues in which most previous reports have identified HV in cetaceans: the reproductive system [6,8,9,11,[16][17][18]20,21,23,31,32], the CNS [4,10,15,17,21,23], and the tegument [2,3,[5][6][7]9,15,17,21,22]. The bias that could have arisen owing to the number of samples taken from each system was eliminated by studying the tropism as a proportion over the number of samples analyzed, rather than in absolute numbers (for example, CNS samples were taken from various regions of the same individual).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The presence of lymphoplasmacytic aggregates in the genital submucosa of cetaceans is, within normal limits, considered to be mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and is not necessarily indicative of infection [76]. Epithelial hyperplasia is one of the main findings associated with HV in cetaceans, especially in the genital mucosa [8,11,18,23,32,69]. This hyperplasia is often associated with characteristic eosinophilic or amphophilic intranuclear IB [11,18,23,32,69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has also been determined on the buffy coat of a bottlenose dolphin, in blowhole exudate from an orca (Orcinus orca) [19], and on the skin and in the penile mucosa of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) [17]. Gammaherpesvirinae has been associated with genital lesions on a dwarf sperm whale, Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) [9], bottlenose dolphin [9,11,31], Blainville's beaked whale [8,9], common dolphin (Dephinus delphis) [20], Guiana dolphin [32], harbor porpoise [23], and striped dolphin [18,21]; proliferative dermatitis has been found on a Bolivian river dolphin (Iniaboliviensis) [22] and has been amplified from the skin, muscle, and central nervous system (CNS) of a common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) [17]. However, HV DNA has also been reported in cetaceans in the absence of any lesions [21,23,24,30,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Determination of Herpesvirus in Free-Ranging Cetaceans Stranded in the Western Mediterranean: Tissue Tropism and Associated Lesions

Vargas-Castro

Melero

Crespo-Picazo

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The monitoring of herpesvirus infection provides useful information when assessing marine mammals’ health. This paper shows the prevalence of herpesvirus infection (80.85%) in 47 cetaceans stranded on the coast of the Valencian Community, Spain. Of the 966 tissues evaluated, 121 tested positive when employing nested-PCR (12.53%). The largest proportion of herpesvirus-positive tissue samples was in the reproductive system, nervous system, and tegument. Herpesvirus was more prevalent in females, juveniles, and calves. More than half the DNA PCR positive tissues contained herpesvirus RNA, indicating the presence of actively replicating virus. This RNA was most frequently found in neonates. Fourteen unique sequences were identified. Most amplified sequences belonged to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, but a greater variation was found in Alphaherpesvirinae sequences. This is the first report of systematic herpesvirus DNA and RNA determination in free-ranging cetaceans. Nine (19.14%) were infected with cetacean morbillivirus and all of them (100%) were coinfected with herpesvirus. Lesions similar to those caused by herpesvirus in other species were observed, mainly in the skin, upper digestive tract, genitalia, and central nervous system. Other lesions were also attributable to concomitant etiologies or were nonspecific. It is necessary to investigate the possible role of herpesvirus infection in those cases.

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“…Specifically, alphaherpesvirus has been related to fatal systemic infections [25], lymphoid necrosis [17], interstitial nephritis [18] and encephalitis and meningoencephalitis [26][27][28]. Gammaherpesvirus, however, has been described as mainly associated with mucocutaneous, skin, and genital lesions [16,[29][30][31][32][33], although it has been recently described the first detection of gammaherpesvirus in the central nervous system of several striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded in the Cantabrian Sea, Spain [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to Herpesvirus Surveillance in Beaked Whales Stranded in the Canary Islands

Felipe-Jiménez

Fernández

Andrada

et al. 2021

Animals

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Herpesviruses (HVs) (Alpha- and Gammaherpesvirinae subfamilies) have been detected in several species of cetaceans with different pathological implications. However, available information on their presence in beaked whales (BWs) is still scarce. In this study, a total of 55 BWs (35 Ziphius cavirostris and 20 animals belonging to the Mesoplodon genus) were analyzed. Samples (n = 294) were obtained from BWs stranded along the coasts of the Canary Islands (1990–2017). Molecular detection of HV was performed by means of a conventional nested PCR based on the DNA polymerase gene. Herpesvirus was detected in 14.45% (8/55) of the analyzed BWs, including 2 positive animals from a previous survey. A percentage positivity of 8.57% was found within the Cuvier’s BW group, while the percentage of positivity rose to 25% within the Mesoplodon genus group (three M. densirostris, one M. europaeus, and one M. bidens). All the obtained sequences from this study belonged to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, from which three are considered novel sequences, all of them within the Mesoplodon genus group. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first description of HV infection in Gervais’ and Sowerby’s BWs. Three out of eight HV-positive BWs displayed histopathological lesions indicative of active viral replication.

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Herpesviral infection in a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) from the northern coast of Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

The Pathology of Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection and Comorbidities in Guiana Dolphins During an Unusual Mortality Event (Brazil, 2017–2018)

Systematic Determination of Herpesvirus in Free-Ranging Cetaceans Stranded in the Western Mediterranean: Tissue Tropism and Associated Lesions

Contribution to Herpesvirus Surveillance in Beaked Whales Stranded in the Canary Islands

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