Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia: Changing Incidence Rates From 1994 to 2018 in the United States

Abstract

Introduction The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has been increasing in recent decades. Although two vaccines for HZ are available, there have been few studies on the incidence rates of HZ and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) since their introduction. This study examined the incidence rates of HZ and PHN from 1994-2018 in the United States to determine if they have continued to increase since introduction of the herpes zoster vaccines. Methods A de-identified longitudinal administrative claims database, the OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, was used to assess incidence rates among individuals continuously enrolled in the database for ≥365 days with no prior history of HZ or PHN. Unstandardized and standardized incidence rates were calculated by year, 10-year age groups, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results There were 610 766 individuals with HZ (median age, 56.3 [IQR: 43.0, 68.7] years; 59.8% women; 70.6% white). From 1994-2018, the incidence of HZ increased from 286.0 (95% CI: 259.1, 312.8) to 579.6 (95% CI: 554.2, 605.0) cases per 100 000 person-years, an annual increase of 3.1% (95% CI: 2.5, 3.6). Since 2007, annual HZ incidence rates have decreased in individuals ≤20 and >60 years old. The overall incidence rate of PHN was 57.5 (95% CI: 56.0, 59.0) cases per 100 000 person-years. The proportion of individuals with HZ who developed PHN was higher from 2007 to 2018 than from 1994 to 2006. Conclusion Herpes zoster incidence rates have continued to increase in age groups for which HZ vaccines are not currently recommended, warranting a review of current vaccine recommendations.

Effective Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia at the First Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve by High-Voltage Pulsed Radiofrequency

“…PHN is a common, yet troublesome to treat, neuropathic pain ( 1 , 2 ). In recent years, the incidence of PHN has increased yearly with the incidence of herpes zoster ( 3 , 4 ). The incidence of PHN in the United States has been reported to be as high as 57.5 cases/(100,000 persons/year) ( 4 ).…”

“…In recent years, the incidence of PHN has increased yearly with the incidence of herpes zoster ( 3 , 4 ). The incidence of PHN in the United States has been reported to be as high as 57.5 cases/(100,000 persons/year) ( 4 ). In China, the incidence of PHN is even higher, with statistics pointing to an incidence of 2.3% ( 5 ).…”

Lidocaine 700 mg Medicated Plaster for Postherpetic Neuralgia: Real-World Data from the German Pain E-Registry

“…The occurrence of herpes zoster and progression to PHN adds to this burden and causes a marked decline in the overall functional status of affected patients [6]. In contrast to expectations created with the advent of herpes zoster vaccines, a recent large epidemiological study from 1994 to 2018 showed that the overall incidence rates of PHN continued to increase annually in the USA [7].…”

Radiotherapy Increases the Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Oral Cavity Cancer Patients – a National Population-based Cohort Study

“…Later in life, or under a state of compromised immunity, the virus can re-emerge and trigger a unilateral, painful, vesicular rash along the distribution of a dermatome. In European countries and the US, the annual incidence of herpes zoster is estimated at approximately 1-6.2 per 1,000 persons (4)(5)(6)(7).…”