Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in patients attending antenatal or STD clinics

Cunningham, Anthony L.; Lee, Francis K.; Ho, David; Field, Peter R.; Law, Carmella; Packham, D. R.; McCrossin, Ian; Sjögren‐Jansson, Eva; Jeansson, Stig; Nahmias, André J.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb121867.x

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…HSV-2 is transmitted almost exclusively by sexual contact and results in production of lifelong antibodies (van de Laar et al 2001). There is repeatedly a very strong observed correlation between HSV-2 infection and sexual risk behavior as well as HSV-2 infection and HIV infection (Abu-Raddad et al 2008b; Cowan et al 1994; Cunningham et al 1993; Obasi et al 1999; van de Laar et al 2001). Measurement of HSV-2 antibodies in the blood is therefore a convenient method to assess hidden levels of sexual risk behavior (Nahmias et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSV-2 serology can be predictive of HIV epidemic potential and hidden sexual risk behavior in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2010

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Background HIV prevalence is low in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, though the risk or potential for further spread in the future is not well understood. Behavioral surveys are limited in this region and when available have serious limitations in assessing the risk of HIV acquisition. We demonstrate the potential use of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence as a marker for HIV risk within MENA. Methods We designed a mathematical model to assess whether HSV-2 prevalence can be predictive of future HIV spread. We also conducted a systematic literature review of HSV-2 seroprevalence studies within MENA. Results We found that HSV-2 prevalence data are rather limited in this region. Prevalence is typically low among the general population but high in established core groups prone to sexually transmitted infections such as men who have sex with men and female sex workers. Our model predicts that if HSV-2 prevalence is low and stable, then the risk of future HIV epidemics is low. However, expanding or high HSV-2 prevalence (greater than about 20%), implies a risk for a considerable HIV epidemic. Based on available HSV-2 prevalence data, it is not likely that the general population in MENA is experiencing or will experience such a considerable HIV epidemic. Nevertheless, the risk for concentrated HIV epidemics among several high-risk core groups is high. Conclusions HSV-2 prevalence surveys provide a useful mechanism for identifying and corroborating populations at risk for HIV within MENA. HSV-2 serology offers an effective tool for probing hidden risk behaviors in a region where quality behavioral data are limited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HSV-2 serology can be predictive of HIV epidemic potential and hidden sexual risk behavior in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2010

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“…1 Risk factors for the acquisition of HSV-2 include age, sex, education level, number of sexual partners, age of coitarche, and a history of previous sexually transmitted infections (STIs). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Some risk factors for the acquisition of HSV-1 may also be sexually related. 8 Identifying risk factors for HSV infection provides the opportunity to develop health promotion programmes based on primary prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and demographic risk factors for herpes simplex type 1 and 2 in women attending an antenatal clinic

Tideman

Taylor²,

Marks³

et al. 2001

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objective: To establish risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 and HSV-1 infections in pregnant women. Design, population, and setting: A prospective study of 3306 women attending the antenatal department Westmead Hospital, Sydney, between June 1995 and April 1998. Methods: Women completed a self administered questionnaire to establish risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 and HSV-1. Sera were tested for antibodies to HSV-2 and HSV-1. Data were analysed using SPSS and SAS. Main outcome measures: Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HSV-2 and HSV-1. Results: 375 (11.3% (95% CI 10.3-12.5)) women were HSV-2 antibody positive. Increasing age, Asian country of birth, lower education level, public hospital status, confirmed genital herpes, a partner with genital herpes, early age of first sex, more than one lifetime sexual partner, and previous chlamydia infection were independently associated with HSV-2 seropositivity. Of 408 women tested for HSV-1 antibodies, 323 (79.2% (95% CI 74.9-83.0)) were positive. Oral herpes, oral blisters or sores, and being HSV-2 seropositive were independently associated with HSV-1 seropositive status. When the logistic regression model was rerun without HSV-2 status, parity of two or more and one or more sexual partners in the past 3 months were significant predictors of HSV-1 seropositivity. Conclusions:The presence of antibodies to HSV-2 and HSV-1 is related to a number of sexual and demographic risk factors. Public health campaigns directed at encouraging young people to delay the onset of sexual activity and reduce the number of sexual partners need to be evaluated. However, the possible availability of an HSV-2 vaccine that is able to protect over 70% of women oVers the best hope for control of genital herpes. (Sex Transm Inf 2001;77:413-415)

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“…[1][2][3][4] Most HSV-2 infections are unrecognised, and it is likely that in a majority of cases the virus is transmitted by people who are unaware that they are infected. 5 Factors frequently associated with HSV-2 seropositivity include age, [6][7][8][9] female sex, 6 8 10 11 number of sexual partners, 6 7 10 12 13 years of sexual activity, 7 10 low socioeconomic status, 6-9 12 13 and a history of other STDs. 7 9 10 12 Most epidemiological studies of HSV-2 infection to date have been cross sectional in design, including one we published on the prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies in a large birth cohort of 21 year old New Zealanders from whom detailed information about sexual behaviour had been collected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 infection in a cohort of 26 year old New Zealanders

Eberhart-Phillips

Dickson²,

Paul³

et al. 2001

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objectives: To examine changes in the incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) infection in a birth cohort of 26 year old New Zealanders in whom seroprevalence had been measured at 3.4% at age 21. Methods: Sera from 869 cohort members were tested using an indirect IgG enzyme linked immunoassay specific to the HSV-2 glycoprotein G. Serological results were compared with detailed sexual histories. Results: In all, 96 participants (11%) were seropositive for HSV-2, including at least 56 who seroconverted after their 21st birthday. Among those known to be seronegative at age 21, the annual seroconversion rate was 13.5 cases per 1000 per year, compared with 8.1 cases per 1000 per sexually active year before age 21. New infections were associated with female sex and an early age of first intercourse. The average rate of partner change was lower in the cohort after age 21, and was only modestly increased among those who acquired new HSV-2 infections between ages 21 and 26. Conclusions: HSV-2 seroprevalence has risen sharply in this sexually active cohort, despite a reduction in the overall level of partner change. Increased rates of HSV-2 acquisition after age 21 may be due to a higher prevalence of infection in the pool of potential partners encountered during the third decade of life. Factors related to partner choice may have more influence on the risk of HSV-2 infection than the number of sexual partners alone. (Sex Transm Inf 2001;77:353-357)

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in patients attending antenatal or STD clinics

Cited by 61 publications

References 17 publications

HSV-2 serology can be predictive of HIV epidemic potential and hidden sexual risk behavior in the Middle East and North Africa

HSV-2 serology can be predictive of HIV epidemic potential and hidden sexual risk behavior in the Middle East and North Africa

Sexual and demographic risk factors for herpes simplex type 1 and 2 in women attending an antenatal clinic

Rising incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 infection in a cohort of 26 year old New Zealanders

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