Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced retinitis following herpes simplex encephalitis: Indications for brain-to-eye transmission of HSV-1

Maertzdorf, Jeroen; Lelij, Allegonda Van der; Baarsma, G. S.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Verjans, Georges M. G. M.

doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200101)49:1<104::aid-ana15>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(19 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…HSV-1 encephalitis preceding ARN was described by our group (36) and others (51)(52)(53)(54). Elevated PDC counts in cerebrospinal fluid were detected in neuroinflammatory conditions, suggesting that PDC may contribute to the orchestration of local immune responses in this immune-privileged compartment (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Innate Immune Responses in Patients with Herpes Virus-Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis

Kittan¹,

Bergua²,

Haupt³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), the main producers of type I IFNs in the blood, are important for the recognition and control of viral and bacterial infections. Because several viruses induce IFN-α production, severe courses of herpes virus infections in nonimmunocompromised patients may be related to numerical or functional PDC deficits. To evaluate this hypothesis, PBMC and PDC were repeatedly isolated from nine patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN), caused by herpes simplex or varicella zoster virus. The patients experienced meningitis/encephalitis and frequent infections in childhood (n = 2), recurrent herpes virus infections at unusual localizations (n = 2), ocular surgery (n = 1), infections (n = 4), and stress around ARN (n = 6). The median percentage of isolated PDC was significantly lower in patients compared with 18 age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001), confirmed by FACS analysis using peripheral blood, and was extremely low during acute disease. PDC counts dropped in five controls suffering from respiratory infections or diarrhea. IFN-α production in PDC and PBMC exposed to different stimuli was significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Anergy to these stimuli was observed on four occasions, in particular during acute disease. PDC of patients showed up-regulated IFN regulatory factor-7 mRNA levels and evidence of in vivo activation (CD80) and maturation (CD83) (p < 0.05). CD8+ cell responses were significantly lower in patients vs controls (p = 0.04). These data support a risk factor model in which numerical and functional deficits in PDC-mediated innate immune responses contribute to an impaired control of latent herpes virus infections and subsequent development of ARN.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Innate Immune Responses in Patients with Herpes Virus-Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis

Kittan¹,

Bergua²,

Haupt³

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most published reports describe the ocular findings following the encephalitis with a variable time course; the mean interval is 6 months but it can range between 10 days and 20 years. [1][2][3][4][5][6] To our knowledge, there has been only one report published of HSE following ARN. 7 When ARN follows HSE, it is assumed that a reactivated latent virus is axonally transmitted from the brain to the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting after steroid treatment of panuveitis

Wittles

Goold

Gilhotra

2011

Medical Journal of Australia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Ocular microbial infections are caused by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi [ 6 , 7 , 33 ], viruses [ 20 , 34 , 35 ], parasites [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] and bacteria [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. These microbes reach the inner eyes following intraocular surgery [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], trauma [ 49 , 50 ], or access by the metastatic spread from other affected anatomical regions [ 39 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ] and give rise to different effects in patients according to the virulence of microorganisms and the patient immune status [ 22 , 23 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The primary symptoms of these infections damaging the inner eyes is blurred vision and rapidly deteriorating visual acuity within a few days of infections [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Challenges Of Conventional Antimicrobial Treatments For Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Updates on Treatment of Ocular Microbial Infections by Stem Cell Therapy: A Review

Teh

Mok

Rashid

et al. 2018

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if early and effective treatments are not received. The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat vision impairment and blindness resulting from microbial infections involve antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the offending pathogens or in severe cases; by surgical methods and retinal prosthesis replacing of the infected area. In cases where there is concurrent inflammation, once infection is controlled, anti-inflammatory agents are indicated to reduce ocular damage from inflammation which ensues. Despite advances in medical research; progress in the control of ocular microbial infections remains slow. The varying level of ocular tissue recovery in individuals and the incomplete visual functional restoration indicate the chief limitations of current strategies. The development of a more extensive therapy is needed to help in healing to regain vision in patients. Stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can give rise to a vast variety of cell types following proper differentiation protocol. Stem cell therapy shows promise in reducing inflammation and repairing tissue damage on the eye caused by microbial infections by its ability to modulate immune response and promote tissue regeneration. This article reviews a selected list of common infectious agents affecting the eye; which include fungi; viruses; parasites and bacteria with the aim of discussing the current antimicrobial treatments and the associated therapeutic challenges. We also provide recent updates of the advances in stem cells studies on sepsis therapy as a suggestion of optimum treatment regime for ocular microbial infections.

show abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced retinitis following herpes simplex encephalitis: Indications for brain-to-eye transmission of HSV-1

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Innate Immune Responses in Patients with Herpes Virus-Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis

Impaired Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Innate Immune Responses in Patients with Herpes Virus-Associated Acute Retinal Necrosis

Herpes simplex encephalitis presenting after steroid treatment of panuveitis

Recent Updates on Treatment of Ocular Microbial Infections by Stem Cell Therapy: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About