Herpes Simplex Viral Pneumonia in the Postthoracotomy Patient

Camazine, Brian; Antkowiak, Joseph G.; Nava, Maria Enriqueta R.; Lipman, Brian J.; Takita, Hiroshi

doi:10.1378/chest.108.3.876

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In particular, Tuxen et al [1987] have shown HSV-1 in the lower respiratory tract of 30% of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. In the same way, different reports describe patients developing HSV-1 pneumonia after thoracotomy, suggesting that this disease may be a common phenomenon in critically ill post-thoracotomy patients and perhaps, in severely ill ventilated patients [Feldman and Stokes, 1987;Smyth et al, 1990;Camazine et al, 1995]. Moreover, two patterns of HSV pneumonia are described, a localized pneumonia caused by direct spread of virus from lesions in the upper respiratory tract and a diffuse pneumonia secondary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Gamba

Cavalieri

Courrèges

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Here, we studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) production during the first steps of the respiratory infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), strain F. Nitric oxide synthase II (NOS-II) mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and dot blot, respectively in samples of lungs and turbinates early post-infection (p.i.). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed pulmonar macrophages and PMN expressing NOS-II in the lungs of infected animals. Animals intranasally treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a NOS inhibitor, during the first steps of infection, showed a dose-dependent increase in pneumonitis compared to controls. Viral titres in turbinates, lungs, and brains were higher in AG treated mice. Finally, histopathology studies revealed a stronger inflammation in eyes, and lungs of these animals. Taken together, these results suggest a role of NO in controlling primary HSV intranasal infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In particular, several reports associate development of pneumonia in the above mentioned groups to HSV infection [Feldman and Stokes, 1987;Tuxen et al, 1987;Smyth et al, 1990;Schuller et al, 1993;Camazine et al, 1995;Cherr et al, 2000;Kitabayashi et al, 2000;Miyazato et al, 2001;Shimokawa et al, 2001;Taplitz and Jordan, 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Gamba

Cavalieri

Courrèges

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Our patient presented many known risk factors for HSV1 disease [10], i. e., immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, mechanical ventilation, and a postoperative state with possible depressed cell-mediated immunity. The identification of these risk factors and the results of immunofluorescence and serology confirm the diagnosis of HVS1 pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

ARDS caused by herpes simplex virus pneumonia in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report

François-Dufresne

Garbino

Ricou³

et al. 1997

Intensive Care Med

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Pneumonia caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) is rare and occurs in severely immunosuppressed patients. HSV1 can be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients presenting with respiratory failure, but its direct effect on disease is difficult to prove. We demonstrate the causative role of HSV1 in the case of a 44-year-old male with Crohn's disease who presented to the intensive care unit with the acute respiratory distress syndrome after surgery. BAL cells were cultured and immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of HSV1 during the first weeks of illness. Increased IgG titers confirmed the diagnosis of a recurrent HSV1 infection. A lung biposy specimen showed fibroproliferation without pathogens. Immunosuppressive therapy had been stopped and acyclovir was introduced at this time. The diagnostic difficulties in this patient underline the importance of early recognition of viral infection as a potential cause of severe pneumonia in severely ill, immunocompromised patients.

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“…Key words Herpes simplex virusṔ neumonia´Chest radiographÁ RDS state in patients who had had chemotherapy, organ transplantation, or other major surgery, and also in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or other diseases which decrease immunity [7,8,9,10,11,12]. All these conditions were shown to be associated with an increased risk of herpes simplex virus pneumonia (HSVP).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus 1 pneumonia: conventional chest radiograph pattern

Umans

Duraku

et al. 2001

Eur Radiol

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The aim of this study was to describe the findings on plain chest radiographs in patients with herpes simplex virus pneumonia (HSVP). The study was based on 17 patients who at a retrospective search have been found to have a monoinfection with herpes simplex virus. The diagnosis was established by isolation of the virus from material obtained during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) which also included broncho-alveolar lavage and tissue sampling. Fourteen patients had a chest radiograph performed within 24 h of the date of the FOB. Two radiographs showed no abnormalities of the lung parenchyma. The radiographs of the other 12 patients showed lung opacification, predominantly lobar or more extensive and always bilateral. Most patients presented with a mixed airspace and interstitial pattern of opacities, but 11 of 14 showed at least an airspace consolidation. Lobar, segmental, or subsegmental atelectasis was present in 7 patients, and unilateral or bilateral pleural effusion in 8 patients, but only in 1 patient was it a large amount. In contradiction to the literature which reports a high correlation between HSVP and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 11 of 14 patients did not meet the pathophysiological criteria for ARDS. The radiologist may suggest the diagnosis of HSVP when bilateral airspace consolidation or mixed opacities appear in a susceptible group of patients who are not thought to have ARDS or pulmonary edema. The definite diagnosis of HSV pneumonia can be established only on the basis of culture of material obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage.

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Herpes Simplex Viral Pneumonia in the Postthoracotomy Patient

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

ARDS caused by herpes simplex virus pneumonia in a patient with Crohn's disease: a case report

Herpes simplex virus 1 pneumonia: conventional chest radiograph pattern

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