Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1) infection of the nervous system: Is an immune response a good thing?

Conrady, Christopher D.; Drevets, Douglas A.; Carr, Daniel J.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.09.013

Cited by 125 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(163 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

103

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Both groups would be given aciclovir 10 mg/kg q8h for 14 days. The experimental arm of the trial would receive 40 mg dexamethasone q24h for 4 days [133]. However, the trial was not completed as a result of limited recruitment.…”

Section: Corticosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpetic infections have plagued humanity for thousands of years, but only recently have advances in antiviral medications and supportive treatments equipped physicians to combat the most severe manifestations of disease. Prompt recognition and treatment can be lifesaving in the care of patients with herpes simplex-1 virus encephalitis, the most commonly identified cause of sporadic encephalitis worldwide. Clinicians should be able to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of the infection and familiarize themselves with a rational diagnostic approach and therapeutic modalities, as early recognition and treatment are key to improving outcomes. Clinicians should also be vigilant for the development of acute complications, including cerebral edema and status epilepticus, as well as chronic complications, including the development of autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and other neuronal cell surface and synaptic epitopes. Herein, we review the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and clinical and radiological features of herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults, including a discussion of the most common complications and their treatment. While great progress has been made in the treatment of this life-threatening infection, a majority of patients will not return to their previous neurologic baseline, indicating the need for further research efforts aimed at improving the long-term sequelae.

show abstract

Section: Corticosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the brain, microglial cells are the monocytes‐macrophages that have been found to be the main source of Npt in the CSF 23, 24, 25, 26. As PCNSL is commonly associated with increased microglial cell infiltration, increased Npt concentration in the CSF may be due to its increased secretion from microglial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diagnostic role and dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid neopterin during treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic role of neopterin (Npt) concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Ninety‐nine patients were enrolled in this retrospective study; these included patients with PCNSL (n = 21), other brain tumors (n = 44), and inflammatory diseases (n = 34). CSF Npt concentration was measured using ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the discriminative ability of CSF Npt concentration for the diagnosis of PCNSL. CSF Npt concentration in patients with PCNSL was significantly higher than that in patients with other brain tumors and inflammatory diseases (P < .001). On ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff CSF Npt level of 10.77 ng/mL for the diagnosis of PCNSL and the diagnostic yield of MRI were increased when used in conjunction with CSF Npt concentration. The CSF Npt concentrations in PCNSL patients with multiple lesions were significantly higher than those in patients with a single lesion. Changes in CSF Npt concentration were consistent with post‐treatment changes in tumor sizes. The CSF Npt concentration may be a good biomarker for the diagnosis, for monitoring of disease course, and for prognostic evaluation of patients with PCNSL.

show abstract

“…The viral genes are divided into three categories: immediate early or  genes, early or  genes, and late or  genes. These proteins encoded by lystic genes promote replication of virus and react against host immune response [16]. A lystic replication cycle includes that  genes enhance  genes to transcript and synthesize proteins, which are required for DNA replication.…”

Section: An Overview Of Hsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advance in herpes simplex viruses for cancer therapy

Liu

Dai

You

et al. 2013

Sci. China Life Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oncolytic virotherapy is an attractive approach that uses live viruses to selectively kill cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses can be genetically engineered to induce cell lyses through virus replication and cytotoxic protein expression. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has become one of the most widely clinically used oncolytic agent. Various types of HSV have been studied in basic or clinical research. Combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy or radiotherapy generally produces synergic action with unclear molecular mechanisms. Arming HSV with therapeutic transgenes is a promising strategy and can be used to complement conventional therapies. As an efficient gene delivery system, HSV has been successfully used to deliver various immunomodulatory molecules. Arming HSV with therapeutic genes merits further investigation for potential clinical application.

show abstract

Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1) infection of the nervous system: Is an immune response a good thing?

Cited by 125 publications

References 153 publications

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Encephalitis in Adults: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

The diagnostic role and dynamic changes in cerebrospinal fluid neopterin during treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma

Advance in herpes simplex viruses for cancer therapy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About