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Heroin is one of the most frequently seized drugs in the South-Eastern Europe. Due to the position in the Balkan route, the Republic of Serbia keeps important role in suppression of the trafficking of heroin for domestic and foreign illegal market. This research is aimed to provide a good scientific approach in the field of seized heroin analysis. Two different forms of heroin are present in the illegal market, mostly in mixtures with typical "cutting" agents: caffeine, paracetamol and sugars. It was observed that the quantity of pure heroin in seized samples slightly increases from year to year. The aim of this study was to produce a reliable and fast procedure for classification of illicit heroin samples and determination of the concentration range of heroin in the samples. For that purpose the Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR technique) was used and combined with chemometric methods (PCA, CA, PLS). Principal components analysis (PCA), as an unsupervised model, was used for exploratory purposes, to identify trends, similarities and differences between samples, by reducing the dimensionality of the data. The cluster classification of examined samples turned out to be extremely useful to evaluate the possibilities of the ATR-FTIR technique to classify the samples appropriately into the patterns, the constituted clusters. Additionally PLS was the suitable method for the purpose of determination of the heroin hydrochloride concentration range in examined samples. It is proved that the joined application of spectroscopy and chemometrics can be extremely convenient and useful for forensic and drugs control laboratories.
Heroin is one of the most frequently seized drugs in the South-Eastern Europe. Due to the position in the Balkan route, the Republic of Serbia keeps important role in suppression of the trafficking of heroin for domestic and foreign illegal market. This research is aimed to provide a good scientific approach in the field of seized heroin analysis. Two different forms of heroin are present in the illegal market, mostly in mixtures with typical "cutting" agents: caffeine, paracetamol and sugars. It was observed that the quantity of pure heroin in seized samples slightly increases from year to year. The aim of this study was to produce a reliable and fast procedure for classification of illicit heroin samples and determination of the concentration range of heroin in the samples. For that purpose the Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR technique) was used and combined with chemometric methods (PCA, CA, PLS). Principal components analysis (PCA), as an unsupervised model, was used for exploratory purposes, to identify trends, similarities and differences between samples, by reducing the dimensionality of the data. The cluster classification of examined samples turned out to be extremely useful to evaluate the possibilities of the ATR-FTIR technique to classify the samples appropriately into the patterns, the constituted clusters. Additionally PLS was the suitable method for the purpose of determination of the heroin hydrochloride concentration range in examined samples. It is proved that the joined application of spectroscopy and chemometrics can be extremely convenient and useful for forensic and drugs control laboratories.
Неовлашћено стављање у промет опојних дрога злоупотребом интернета 1Апстракт: Интернет је као један од симбола модерног доба и глобализације у великој мери допринео бољој информисаности људи, размени научних и других података, развоју привреде (нарочито маркетинга) и других области друштвеног живота. Са друге стране, интернет се злоупотребљава од стране учинилаца кривичних дела на различите начине. Дрога се преко интернета може рекламирати, купити, продати, могу се добити информације које се односе на дејство дроге, цену, начин конзумирања итд. У раду ћемо размотрити значај интернета за развој тржишта опојних дрога, односно неовлашћено стављање у промет опојних дрога злоупотребом интернета. Део рада се односи на феномен нових психоактивних супстанци. Осим тога, анализирали смо капацитет криптомаркета да утичу на конвенционално тржиште опојних дрога.
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