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Abdominal wall hernia correction is one of the most common surgical procedures. 85,000 hernia operations are performed in Poland each year. Modern techniques of abdominal wall reconstruction utilize surgical implants for fascial defect closure. In the 70s and the 80s of the last century, these techniques gained widespread acceptance among surgeons. Significant improvement of results in terms of recurrences was observed. Treatment of large abdominal wall defects became possible. Three types of surgical implants were developed early: polipropylene (PP), poliethylene (PE) and politetrafluoroethylene (PTfE). Unfortunately, negative effects of implanted material soon became apparent. Excessive native tissues inflammatory response to the implanted material, leading to multiple complications was observed. Recurrences due to fibrosis, chronic regional pain, stiffness of the operation site, intestinal adhesions and fistulas, infertility and infections were reported. In some cases the use of standard synthetic implant was contraindicated. Analyzing drawbacks of the standard hernia implants, the medical industry developed new materials to improve treatment results. The most popular, currently utilized synthetic materials, are presented in this review in the context of clinical results (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 1, 135-142).
Abdominal wall hernia correction is one of the most common surgical procedures. 85,000 hernia operations are performed in Poland each year. Modern techniques of abdominal wall reconstruction utilize surgical implants for fascial defect closure. In the 70s and the 80s of the last century, these techniques gained widespread acceptance among surgeons. Significant improvement of results in terms of recurrences was observed. Treatment of large abdominal wall defects became possible. Three types of surgical implants were developed early: polipropylene (PP), poliethylene (PE) and politetrafluoroethylene (PTfE). Unfortunately, negative effects of implanted material soon became apparent. Excessive native tissues inflammatory response to the implanted material, leading to multiple complications was observed. Recurrences due to fibrosis, chronic regional pain, stiffness of the operation site, intestinal adhesions and fistulas, infertility and infections were reported. In some cases the use of standard synthetic implant was contraindicated. Analyzing drawbacks of the standard hernia implants, the medical industry developed new materials to improve treatment results. The most popular, currently utilized synthetic materials, are presented in this review in the context of clinical results (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 1, 135-142).
This article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Surgical Applications of Materials 2.1. General Principles 2.2. Orthopedic Surgery 2.2.1. Bone and Joint Replacement 2.2.2. Ligament Augmentation and Repair 2.2.3. Fracture Fixation 2.3. Maxillofacial Surgery 2.3.1. Dental Implants 2.3.2. Maxillofacial and Orthognathic Surgery 2.4. Cardiovascular Surgery 2.4.1. Heart Valves 2.4.2. Vascular Prostheses 2.4.3. Cardiac Pacemakers 2.4.4. Extracorporeal Circuits 2.5. Ophthalmology 2.5.1. Corneal Replacement 2.5.2. Intraocular Lenses 2.5.3. Contact Lenses 2.5.4. Vitreoretinal Surgery 2.6. Neurosurgery 2.6.1. Nerve Repair and Regeneration 2.6.2. Neuromodulation: Nerve Stimulators 2.6.3. Treatment of Hearing Loss 2.7. General Surgery 2.7.1. Wound Closure and Artificial Skin 2.7.2. Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Plastic Surgery 2.7.3. Soft Tissue Repair: Hernia and Pelvic Floor Repair 2.7.4. Surgery of the Urinary Tract 2.8. Artificial Organs 3. Criteria for Materials Selection 3.1. Mechanical and Physical Properties 3.1.1. Mechanical Performance 3.1.2. Electrical and Optical Properties 3.2. Manufacturing and Sterilization 3.2.1. Constraints on Fabrication 3.2.2. Market Analyses 3.2.3. Legal and Regulatory Constraints 3.2.4. Sterilization Techniques 3.3. Biocompatibility 3.3.1. General Principles 3.3.2. Corrosion and Degradation 3.3.3. Soft Tissue Biocompatibility 3.3.4. Hard Tissue Biocompatibility 3.3.5. Blood Compatibility 3.3.6. Systemic Biocompatibility 3.3.7. Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity 3.3.8. Bioactivity 4. Materials 4.1. Metals and Alloys 4.2. Ceramics and Glasses 4.3. Polymers 4.4. Carbon 4.5. Composites 4.6. Surface Modifications and Coatings
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