Let D be a division ring with an involution − and char D = 2, F = x ∈ D x =x . Let n D be the set of all n × n hermitian matrices over D. Two hermitian matrices H 1 and H 2 are said to be "adjacent" if rank H 1 − H 2 = 1. The fundamental theorem of geometry of hermitian matrices over D is proved: If n ≥ 3 and is a bijective map from n D to itself such that preserves the adjacency, then X = t PaX P + 0 ∀X ∈ n D , where a ∈ F * , P ∈ GL n D , and is an automorphism of D which satisfies x = a x a −1 for all x ∈ D. The application of the fundamental theorem to algebra and geometry is discussed. For example, every Jordan isomorphism or additive rank-1-preserving surjective map on n D is characterized.