Heritage resources and the development of tourist areas in the High Atlas and southern regions of Morocco

Boujrouf, Saïd

doi:10.4000/rga.2311

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…He highlights the developments in agriculture that could help stem this “haemorrhaging,” whilst also referring to the promise offered by exploiting other resources including minerals, walnut wood and tourism. Since then, the High Atlas has been transformed by the development of opportunities to earn hard currency from fruit farming and mountain tourism 23 ( 26 , 61 ) and from the attempts to turn local resources into heritage objects ( 68 , 69 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The history and welfare of working mules in the valleys of the Toubkal massif, in the High Atlas of Morocco

Cousquer,

Alyakine,

Lindsay-McGee

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The appearance of the mule in the remote villages of the Toubkal National Park in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco can be traced back to the early years of the twentieth century. The mule population’s subsequent growth in numbers accompanied the shift away from a subsistence economy that was made possible by the appearance and growth of the mining and mountain tourism industries. This paper reviews this early history, drawing on the accounts provided by early explorers and anthropologists, before developing a mixed methods approach to evaluating the welfare of pack mules in two villages within the National Park. The first village is part of the main access route to the Toubkal, the principle summit of the National Park and therefore much visited. The second is a much more remote, under visited and less developed village. Ethnographic work, studying muleteering practice and undertaken over several years is reported here and supplemented by findings from a detailed survey of the mules of both villages. This allows the work undertaken and the lived realities of the working mule across several generations of inhabitants to be presented together with data about the primary welfare concerns identified on clinical examination. In village one, 72 mule owners and their mules were surveyed and examined. Many of these mules worked in tourism, providing a source of revenue for their families. This work was often undertaken by teenagers/young adults working their father’s mules. Tethering was widely practised and evidence of tethering injuries were identified in most mules. In the more remote village, 18 owners and their equids were surveyed and examined. In this population, mules were more likely to be worked locally in agriculture, building and to collect firewood. Bitting injuries associated with the use of the traditional bit were a significant concern in both villages. The universal use of a closed shoe was also in evidence in both villages; this was associated with atrophy of the frog and hoof imbalances. The reasoning for the use of the traditional bit and closed shoe are presented and alternatives discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has not, however, been without its problems for the environment ( 24 , 61 ) and for communities, which once cohesive and well-ordered are increasingly divided by competition ( 68 , 69 ). Tourism has thus allowed those who became guides and gîte owners to make their fortune.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history and welfare of working mules in the valleys of the Toubkal massif, in the High Atlas of Morocco

Cousquer,

Alyakine,

Lindsay-McGee

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In particular, the presence of a well-preserved traditional architecture is related to other ES, such as Recreation and ecotourism and Traditional landscape and aesthetic value. Despite these two ES are not much cited in the relevant papers (Recreation and ecotourism is cited in 18 papers, Traditional landscape and aesthetic value in 15 papers), it is undoubtedly that these ES can be crucial for providing additional incomes to the farmers (Boujrouf 2014;Amara 2010), even if tourism can also cause contrasts in the use of limited natural resources, especially water (Tawfik and Tolba 2014). Few papers specifically focused on landscape and land use analysis through the use of GIS software, even if monitoring oases changes could be crucial, especially if land uses are put in relation to other ES such as agrobiodiversity (Santoro et al 2020).…”

Section: Cultural Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional oases in Northern Africa as multifunctional agroforestry systems: a systematic literature review of the provided Ecosystem Services and of the main vulnerabilities

Santoro

2022

Agroforest Syst

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Traditional oases represent unique forms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, developed through the centuries by local farmers to support their livelihood, combining different crops (date palms, fruit trees, vegetables and fodder) with livestock breeding. Despite their social, economic and cultural importance, these agroforestry systems are currently facing multiple socio-environmental threats. The aim of the paper is to investigate the variety of Ecosystem Services (ES) and the main threats related to traditional oases in Northern Africa through a systematic literature review. The search returned 257 relevant papers published from 2005 to March 2022, mostly focusing on Tunisian oases (37%), followed by Algerian (23%), Moroccan (19%), Egyptian (17%), and Libyan (4%). Provisioning Services, in particular Genetic diversity, agrobiodiversity and biodiversity, are the most cited ES (36% of the papers) followed by Cultural Services, mainly represented by Traditional knowledge systems, cultural heritage and sense of place (17%), while Regulating Services are less considered. Results highlighted that water related issues (desertification, drought, salinization or overexploitation) represent the main threat, followed by decrease of agrobiodiversity, primarily due to the spread of monocultures of commercial date varieties, and by social transformations (depopulation, traditional knowledge and cultural heritage loss). The literature review proved that traditional oases are still crucial for the livelihood of local communities since they still provide many ES. Local experiences related to sustainable development and tourism, or innovative solutions to valorize local products and byproducts, could be important for replication in other traditional oases to contribute to the wellbeing of local communities and to the preservation of these agroecosystems.

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“…Economic development is the last subcategory. Included here are studies that highlight the economic and territorial achievements reached [97][98][99][100], as well as studies that propose or analyze economic development plans based on heritage [101,102]. Studies that are related to business networks based on heritage that generates economic development are also collected [103].…”

Section: Element Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Heritage and Tourism Basis for Regional Development: Mapping of Scientific Coverage

et al. 2019

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The aim of this research is to carry out a bibliometric and bibliographic study of the scientific production indexed in the international databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) on the use of cultural heritage by tourism as an alternative for regional development. This research allows us to observe the current situation of this area of study and to develop a research roadmap on this subject. The methodology used focuses on applying productivity, dispersion, collaboration, and citation indicators to a set of 103 articles identified through an advanced search of terms, in addition to applying an iterative analysis for the bibliographic study. The main findings of this study show that the documents are mostly analytical, mainly signed by a single author, and the productivity rate per author is 1.04. The co-author index in the subject is 2.34, and the subject is in an exponential growth phase that began in 2004, with a ratio of 6.53 articles/year, with the majority of the production being by a single author per article. The country with the highest production is China, with 28 articles, 26 authors, 28 authorships, and 15 centers, followed by the Russian Federation, with 21 articles. Universiti Sains Malaysia (Malaysia) is the most productive institution, with 15 authorships, and there is a group of aspiring authors (between 2 and 4 articles) whose geographical affiliation is Malaysia, a group that represents 3% of the total of authors and concentrates 17 articles.

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Heritage resources and the development of tourist areas in the High Atlas and southern regions of Morocco

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

The history and welfare of working mules in the valleys of the Toubkal massif, in the High Atlas of Morocco

The history and welfare of working mules in the valleys of the Toubkal massif, in the High Atlas of Morocco

Traditional oases in Northern Africa as multifunctional agroforestry systems: a systematic literature review of the provided Ecosystem Services and of the main vulnerabilities

Cultural Heritage and Tourism Basis for Regional Development: Mapping of Scientific Coverage

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