Heritability of the<i>Symbiodinium</i>community in vertically- and horizontally-transmitting broadcast spawning corals

Quigley, Kate M.; Willis, Bette L.; Bay, Line K.

doi:10.1101/100453

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Recent heritability estimates suggest substantial host genetic regulation of the Symbiodiniaceae community during early coral life-history stages, which may extend into adulthood (Quigley et al 2017b(Quigley et al , 2018bPoland & Coffroth 2019). High heritability of bleaching, mortality, and Symbiodiniaceae community diversity (Kenkel et al 2015) and the strong influence of host identity (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process involves either uptake of novel exogenous Symbiodiniaceae from the environmental pool ("switching"), or a change in relative abundances of Symbiodiniaceae already present within the coral ("shuffling") (Baker 2003) which appears to be a more common process (Jones et al 2008;Cunning & Baker 2013;Bay et al 2016), whereas the evidence for switching during heat stress is limited (Boulotte et al 2016), and may not be maintained long term (Coffroth et al 2010). The ability to shuffle or switch may be limited by host genetic constraints and/or the environmental scarcity of certain symbiont taxa (Poland & Coffroth 2017;Quigley et al 2017aQuigley et al , 2017b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symbiodiniaceae probiotics for use in bleaching recovery

Morgans

Hung

Bourne

et al. 2019

Restoration Ecology

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Coral reefs are currently under threat as a consequence of local and global stressors, in particular, mass coral bleaching induced by climate warming. In conjunction with global cuts to carbon emissions, active restoration interventions are being investigated as an additional option to buy time while these stressors are mitigated. One intervention with the potential to improve recovery during or postbleaching involves the addition of probiotic treatments, that is the addition of microorganisms that provide benefits to the host. Fragments of the branching coral, Acropora millepora, were experimentally exposed to a bleaching event coupled with the inoculation of Symbiodiniaceae probiotics (Durusdinium trenchii and Cladocopium goreaui) to determine if these probiotic treatments could ameliorate bleaching related stress and mortality. Fragments inoculated with C. goreaui and exposed to 32°C for 6 days exhibited significantly less mortality (9.1 ± 5%) compared to corals exposed to 32°C without probiotics (66.7 ± 8%) or with D. trenchii (41.7 ± 9%). Fragments in the C. goreaui probiotic treatment also bleached less and exhibited the highest photosynthetic efficiency compared to fragments inoculated with the D. trenchii at 32°C. Internal transcribed spacer‐2 amplicon sequencing did not detect the inoculated D. trenchii and C. goreaui cells within A. millepora tissues at the end of the experiment, suggesting the corals did not reestablish symbiosis but instead used inoculated cells as a nutritional supplement, although other factors such as shuffling conditions may have had an effect. This study highlights that nutritional supplementation can possibly aid coral resilience to temperature stress, though a far more detailed understanding of the factors that influence host regulation during symbiosis establishment is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiodiniaceae probiotics for use in bleaching recovery

Morgans

Hung

Bourne

et al. 2019

Restoration Ecology

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“…Kirk et al (2013) found that the planulae (larvae) of brooding species already harboured Type-N, indicating vertical transmission, whereas the gametes of broadcast spawning corals did not, suggesting horizontal/environmental acquisition in these species. The potential for mixed modes of transmission contingent on host traits is similarly reported for Symbiodinium (Baird et al 2009;Quigley et al 2017).…”

Section: Figure 1 a Single Apicomplexan Symbiont Is Present In Divermentioning

confidence: 62%

A widespread coral-infecting apicomplexan contains a plastid encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis

Mathur

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The Apicomplexa are an important group of obligate intracellular parasites that include the causative agents of human diseases like malaria and toxoplasmosis. They evolved from free-living, phototrophic ancestors, and how this transition to parasitism occurred remains an outstanding question. One potential clue lies in coral reefs, where environmental DNA surveys have uncovered several lineages of uncharacterized, basally-branching apicomplexans. Reef-building corals form a well-studied symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium, but identification of other key microbial symbionts of corals has proven elusive. Here, we used community surveys, genomics, and microscopy to identify an apicomplexan lineage, which we name 'corallicola', that was found in high prevalence (>80%) across all major groups of corals. In-situ fluorescence and electron microscopy confirmed that corallicola lives intracellularly within the tissues of the coral gastric cavity, and possesses clear apicomplexan ultrastructural features. We sequenced the plastid genome, which lacked all genes for photosystem proteins, indicating that corallicola harbours a non-photosynthetic plastid (an apicoplast). However, the corallicola plastid differed from all other known apicoplasts because it retains all four genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Hence, corallicola shares characteristics with both its parasitic and free-living relatives, implicating it as an evolutionary intermediate, and suggesting that a unique ancestral biochemistry likely operated during the transition from phototrophy to parasitism.

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“…A variety of markers, including the highly variable Symbiodiniaceae Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS-2) region of rDNA, have been applied in isolation or combination to assess the diversity of Symbiodiniaceae present in hosts. HTS of the Symbiodinianceae ITS-2 is useful for investigating symbiont contributions to host health and stress response at a fine scale (i.e., at the level of sequence variants, including those present at low abundances); this approach has revealed novel Symbiodiniaceae variants, host associations, and/or distribution patterns (Brener-Raffalli et al, 2018; Cunning, Gates, & Edmunds, 2017; Green, Davies, Matz, & Medina, 2014; Hollie M Putnam, Stat, Pochon, & Gates, 2012; Quigley, Bay, & Willis, 2017; Quigley et al, 2014, 2016; Quigley, Willis, & Bay, 2017; Ziegler et al, 2017; Ziegler, Eguíluz, Duarte, & Voolstra, 2018; Ziegler, Stone, Colman, Takacs-Vesbach, & Shepherd, 2018). For example, variation in the abundances of background (<10% of total community) symbionts has been documented across reefs separated by as little as 19 km (e.g., Green et al, 2014; van Oppen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont community diversity is more constrained in holobionts that tolerate diverse stressors

Howe‐Kerr

Bachelot

Wright³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractCoral reefs are experiencing global declines as climate change and other stressors cause environmental conditions to exceed the physiological tolerances of host organisms and their microbial symbionts (collectively termed the holobiont). To assess the role of symbiont community composition in holobiont stress tolerance, diversity metrics and abundances of obligate dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Family: Symbiodiniaceae) were quantified from eight Acropora millepora coral colonies (hereafter called genets) that thrived under or responded poorly to various stressors. Four ‘best performer’ coral genets were selected for analysis because they survived 10 days of high temperature, high pCO2, bacterial addition, or combined stressors, whereas four ‘worst performer’ coral genets were analyzed because they experienced significant mortality under these stressors. At the end of the experimental period, seven of eight coral genets mainly hosted Cladocopium symbionts, but also contained Brevolium, Durusdinium, and/or Gerakladinium symbionts at lower abundances (<0.1% of the total community). After 10 days of stress, symbiont communities varied significantly among host genets, but not stress treatments, based on alpha and beta diversity metrics. A generalized joint attribute model (GJAM) also predicted that symbiont communities were primarily sensitive to host genet at regional scales. Indicator species analysis and the regional GJAM model identified significant associations among particular symbionts and host genet performance. Specifically, Cladocopium 3k contributed to the success of best performer host genets under various stressful conditions, whereas Durusdinium glynnii and Durusdinium trenchii were significantly associated with one worst performer genet. Cladocopium 3k dominance should be more broadly investigated as a potential predictor of stress resistance in Acropora millepora populations across their geographic range. Symbiodiniaceae communities exhibited higher richness and variance (beta diversity) in the worst performing genets. These findings highlight that symbiont community diversity metrics may be important indicators of resilience in hosts central to diverse disciplines, from agriculture to medicine.

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Heritability of theSymbiodiniumcommunity in vertically- and horizontally-transmitting broadcast spawning corals

Cited by 29 publications

References 127 publications

Symbiodiniaceae probiotics for use in bleaching recovery

Symbiodiniaceae probiotics for use in bleaching recovery

A widespread coral-infecting apicomplexan contains a plastid encoding chlorophyll biosynthesis

Symbiont community diversity is more constrained in holobionts that tolerate diverse stressors

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