Heritability of<i><scp>U</scp>lmus minor</i>resistance to<scp>D</scp>utch elm disease and its relationship to vessel size, but not to xylem vulnerability to drought

Venturas, Martin D.; López, Rosana; Martín, Juan A.; Gascó, Antonio; Gil, Luis

doi:10.1111/ppa.12115

Cited by 54 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…One of its medium-term priorities is to increase the genetic diversity of tolerant native elms. Elm tolerance to O. novo-ulmi has been shown to be inheritable (Townsend 2000, Solla et al 2014, Venturas et al 2014) and polygenic (quantitative) in nature (Aoun et al 2010). It also depends on constitutive and inducible mechanisms of defence (e.g., Martín et al 2007Martín et al , 2008bMartín et al , 2013.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Martín¹,

Solla²,

Venturas³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionIn the first half of the 20 th century, the first Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemic caused a massive loss of elms in Europe and North America. The much more aggressive O. novo-ulmi Brasier took the place of the causal agent, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf., in the second half of the century. The second pathogen has caused the disappearance of adult elms in many European and North American locations (Brasier & Kirk 2010). O. novo-ulmi is almost impossible to control through chemical, biological or silvicultural methods due to its high virulence and highly effective transmission via small beetles of the Scolytus and Hylorgopinus genera (Webber 2000). Tolerant elm genotype selection and breeding has been the most successful strategy for elm recovery, particularly in urban environments , 2011, Solla et al. 2005a. The Spanish elm breeding and conservation programme began in 1986 as the result of an agreement between the Spanish Environmental Administration and the Technical University of Madrid School of Forestry Engineering. Its two main objectives were to conserve remaining elm genetic resources and to transmit their variability to future generations of tolerant elms obtained through breeding; i.e., hybridisation of selected progenitors (native or tolerant Asian elms) to obtain tolerant trees with the appearance of native elm species.The first elm breeding programme began in the Netherlands in 1928 (Heybroek 1993) and was followed by several programmes in the United States and various European countries Santini et al. 2011, Buiteveld et al. 2014. As a result of crossing these species with native elms, a wide range of hybrid clones of varying tolerance levels and genetic backgrounds is now available on the market. The Spanish programme took advantage of the knowledge, methodologies and plant materials previously developed by the Dutch and Italian programmes. In the first 14 years, U. pumila was used as the main source of resistance, giving rise to 10 crossings tolerant to O. novo-ulmi (Solla et al. 2000). The tolerance of these crossings was tested in clone replicates (N > 16) over several years at various locations, and clone adaptation to different environments in Spain was evaluated. Five crossings with Asian background were recently selected to be released onto the market for ornamental use.In the 1990s the Spanish programme included some native elms, mainly U. minor, in the O. novo-ulmi susceptibility trials. In the following decade the programme focused mainly on selecting native elms. This new strategy complied with European and Spanish legislation governing the quality and genetic background of forest reproductive materials for production and marketing. In the European Union, forest reproductive materials are governed by Council Directive © SISEF http://www.sisef.it/iforest/ 172 iForest (2015) 8: 172-180

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Martín¹,

Solla²,

Venturas³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…Because tolerance to DED has been shown to be inheritable, progenies are likely to have similar tolerance to parent trees (Solla et al 2015;Venturas et al 2014). However, there is a risk of natural crossing with neighboring elms of lower tolerance, or with U. pumila.…”

Section: Testing Pilot Forest Restoration With Elmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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“…and Ulmus hybrids [142][143][144]. Susceptible trees had significantly wider and longer vessels than those that resisted the disease [144].…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptible trees had significantly wider and longer vessels than those that resisted the disease [144]. Solla and Gil [142] hypothesized that vessel diameters and sap flow affected the dispersal of O. novo-ulmi in the elm host, and Venturas et al [144] suggested that xylem structure restricted the pathogen's spread in resistant elms.…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Ploetz

Kendra²,

Choudhury

et al. 2017

Forests

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Laurel wilt kills members of the Lauraceae plant family in the southeastern United States. It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva, a nutritional fungal symbiont of an invasive Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, which was detected in Port Wentworth, Georgia, in 2002. The beetle is the primary vector of R. lauricola in forests along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, but other ambrosia beetle species that obtained the pathogen after the initial introduction may play a role in the avocado (Persea americana Miller) pathosystem. Susceptible taxa are naïve (new-encounter) hosts that originated outside Asia. In the southeastern United States, over 300 million trees of redbay (P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.) have been lost, and other North American endemics, non-Asian ornamentals and avocado-an important crop that originated in MesoAmerica-are also affected. However, there are no reports of laurel wilt on the significant number of lauraceous endemics that occur in the Asian homeland of R. lauricola and X. glabratus; coevolved resistance to the disease in the region has been hypothesized. The rapid spread of laurel wilt in the United States is due to an efficient vector, X. glabratus, and the movement of wood infested with the insect and pathogen. These factors, the absence of fully resistant genotypes, and the paucity of effective control measures severely constrain the disease's management in forest ecosystems and avocado production areas.

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Heritability ofUlmus minorresistance toDutch elm disease and its relationship to vessel size, but not to xylem vulnerability to drought

Cited by 54 publications

References 52 publications

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

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