Heritability and the Comorbidity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With Behavioral Disorders and Executive Function Deficits: A Preliminary Investigation

Coolidge, Frederick L.; Thede, Linda L.; Young, Susan E.

doi:10.1207/s15326942dn1703_1

Cited by 128 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, family genetic and prevalence studies point to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of ADHD [9], and behavioural genetic studies are trying to identify the genetic liability of various co-existing conditions, e.g. ODD/CD [6,7,18] or SLD, namely, reading disability (RD) [28]. With recent advances in molecular genetics, the search for specific candidate genes has provided initial insights that genes can affect several disorders and functions, e. g. in ADHD and RD [29], or ADHD and autism [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort

Steinhausen

Nøvik

Baldursson

et al. 2006

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

108

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort

Steinhausen

Nøvik

Baldursson

et al. 2006

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

108

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“…Evidence from twin and adoption studies have implicated that ADHD is familial and most likely has a significant genetic component, with heritability estimated between 0.64 and 0.98. [8][9][10] A prevailing neurochemical hypothesis of the course of ADHD underlines an involvement of alterations in dopaminergic innervation. This hypothesis of hypodopaminergic activity is based largely on the positive response to stimulant medications and their effect on increasing extracellular levels of dopamine 11 as well as mouse and neuroimaging studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission disequilibrium testing of dopamine-related candidate gene polymorphisms in ADHD: confirmation of association of ADHD with DRD4 and DRD5

et al. 2003

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioral disorders. Genetic factors contribute to the underlying liability to develop ADHD. Reports implicate variants of genes important for the synthesis, uptake, transport and receptor binding of dopamine in the etiology of ADHD, including DRD4, DAT1, DRD2, and DRD5. In the present study, we genotyped a large multiplex sample of ADHD affected children and their parents for polymorphisms in genes previously reported to be associated with ADHD. Associations were tested by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). The sample is sufficient to detect genotype relative risks (GRRs) for putative risk alleles. The DRD4 gene 120-bp insertion/deletion promoter polymorphism displayed a significant bias in transmission of the insertion (v 2 ¼ 7.58, P ¼ 0.006) as suggested by an analysis of a subset of these families. The seven repeat allele of the DRD4 48-bp repeat polymorphism (DRD4.7) was not significantly associated with ADHD in the large sample in contrast to our earlier findings in a smaller subset. We replicate an association of a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism near the DRD5 gene with ADHD by showing biased nontransmission of the 146-bp allele (P ¼ 0.02) and a trend toward excess transmission of the 148-bp allele (P ¼ 0.053). No evidence for an association was found for polymorphisms in DRD2 or DAT1 in this sample. The DRD5 146-bp (DRD5.146) allele and the DRD4 240-bp (DRD4.240) allele of the promoter polymorphism emerge as the two DNA variants showing a significant association in this large sample of predominantly multiplex families with ADHD, with estimated GRRs of 1.7 and 1.37, respectively.

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“…Furthermore, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is likewise highly comorbid with ADHD and could be a predictor for the development of CD [13,9]. There is evidence that ADHD and many comorbid conditions associated with ADHD are heritable [14,15]. One study demonstrated that major genes underlie a broad behavioral phenotype including ADHD, CD, ODD, and alcohol abuse or dependence [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Externalizing disorders and substance use: empirically derived subtypes in a population-based sample of adults

Rodgers

Müller

Rössler

et al. 2014

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Manuscript to be resubmitted to Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (SPPE)(Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are common externalizing disorders of childhood. The common effects of these disorders on substance abuse need further investigation. The current study investigated the joint clusters of childhood/adolescence ADHD, CD, and ODD, and their influence on substance abuse/dependence in a population-based sample of adults. Methods:The data were drawn from the PsyCoLaus study (n=3720) conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. The populationbased sample included 238 subjects meeting criteria for ADHD/ODD/CD diagnoses before the age of 15. Latent class analyses (LCA) were performed in order to derive comorbidity subtypes, which were subsequently characterized with respect to psychosocial correlates and substance use. Results:The best fit in LCAs was achieved with three latent classes: an ADHD subtype (35.7%); an externalizing multimorbid subtype (33.6%) involving ODD, ADHD, and CD; and a third subtype with CD (30.7%). The CD subtype showed the highest association with substance use. Apart from this, the externalizing multimorbid subtype was also significantly linked to substance use. The ADHD subtype had only elevated frequencies for alcohol dependence in comparison with subjects that had no history of ADHD, ODD, and CD during childhood or adolescence. Finally, important interactions between subtypes and sex were observed with regard to substance use. Conclusions:This study provides evidence showing that subtyping the externalizing disorders, ADHD, ODD and CD, along their comorbidity patterns leads to important differences regarding substance use. This could have implications for the etiology, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders. Key words: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, latent class analysis, epidemiologyExternalizing disorders and substance use Rodgers et al. 3 IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common externalizing disorder of childhood, with prevalence rates between 3 and 7.5%, and, with looser definitions, even up to 17% [1]. Subjects with ADHD frequently remain symptomatic into adulthood. This disorder is associated with adverse long-term functional outcomes, such as poor interpersonal relationships and lower educational qualifications, leading to high economic and social burdens [2]. One of the most controversial issues in the research on ADHD is its relation to comorbid disorders such as substance abuse [3]. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that childhood ADHD was associated with nicotine use in adolescence and with alcohol and drug use disorders in adulthood [4]. These results were confirmed in a large population-based study [5]. Prevalence rates of substance use disorders were shown to be more than two-fold higher than the 8-15% in the general population [6]. In this context, there is still no consensus on th...

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Heritability and the Comorbidity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder With Behavioral Disorders and Executive Function Deficits: A Preliminary Investigation

Cited by 128 publications

References 30 publications

Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort

Co-existing psychiatric problems in ADHD in the ADORE cohort

Transmission disequilibrium testing of dopamine-related candidate gene polymorphisms in ADHD: confirmation of association of ADHD with DRD4 and DRD5

Externalizing disorders and substance use: empirically derived subtypes in a population-based sample of adults

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