Heredity and environment: Studies in the genesis of psychological characteristics.

Schwesinger, Gladys C.; Osborn, Frederick

doi:10.1037/13327-000

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Group F: (a) 113 family groups in which husband, wife, and two or more children were tested; and (b) 19 family groups in which husband, wife, and one child were tested.…”

Section: The Sample and The Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A second study of familial resemblance in intelligence: Environmental and genetic implications of parent-child and sibling correlations in the total sample.

Conrad¹,

Jones²

The Thirty-Ninth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education: Intelligence: Its Nature and Nurture, Part II, Or

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This chapter describes a continuation of a previous study (12) that appeared in the Twenty-Seventh Yearbook of this Society. The earlier report was based on intelligence measurements of husband, wife, and two or more children in each of 105 families. The present study is based on 997 cases in 269 family groups, including the previous 105 families, and 164 additional families of two or mare members.Studies of familial resemblance impose no direct control on either heredity or environment, and for this reason cannot yield any direct answer to the problem of the relative contribution of heredity and environment to individual differences. 2 In spite of this, such studies 1 Assistance in the preparation of these materials was furnished by the personnel of Works Progress Administration Official Projects Nos. 65-3-5403 and 65-3-5406. In connection with the field work, acknowledgment is due to the Social Science Research Council of Columbia University for a grant in aid and to Professor A. T. Poffenberger as representative of the Council. 3 We do not wish to overemphasize the difference between the biometric and experimental approaches in this field, particularly where human traits are concerned. The biometric studies are never entirely without the equivalent of some experimental control, and the experimental studies never completely achieve the desired control of all relevant factors. Thus, the present biometric study, having as its locale a comparatively homogeneous rural environment, achieves some control of interfamilial environmental variations. The studies by Pearson (18), Elderton (6), and Wilcocks ( 22) have exploited this type of experimental feature of purely biometric studies; unfortunately, these investigators overlooked the importance of the ratio of intrafamilial to interfamilial environmental variation (10), and the possibility of a significant positive correlation between the two.

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“…Group F: (a) 113 family groups in which husband, wife, and two or more children were tested; and (b) 19 family groups in which husband, wife, and one child were tested.…”

Section: The Sample and The Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A second study of familial resemblance in intelligence: Environmental and genetic implications of parent-child and sibling correlations in the total sample.

Conrad¹,

Jones²

The Thirty-Ninth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education: Intelligence: Its Nature and Nurture, Part II, Or

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“…This review covers almost exclusively research appearing after or shortly before the Twenty-Seventh Yearbook of this Society. Prior studies are covered in earlier reviews (11,63,66,77,86). In a few cases older investigations have been included here, either as classics or as better illustrations of a point than subsequent work.…”

Section: A Survey Of the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

"Intelligence as Related to Socio-Economic Factors"

Loevinger¹

The Thirty-Ninth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education: Intelligence: Its Nature and Nurture, Part 1, Com

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“…Among psychologists, too, there have been critics of the causal analysis. Kelley (18), in commenting on Burks' (1) discussion of the use of partial and multiple correlation for analyzing nature and nurture, protests that one should not try to reach conclusions concerning such unmeasured, abstract entities as nature and nurture, but should be content to describe the properties of the correlations that can be observed, Schwesinger (29), in analyzing the heredity-environment problem, also argues against seeking too general solutions:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the proportional contributions of differences in nature and in nurture to differences in intelligence.

Loevinger¹

1943

Psychological Bulletin

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But in another sense the most fundamental question for human education asks precisely that we assign separate shares in the causation of human behavior to man's original nature on the one hand and his environment or nurture on the other. In this sense we neglect, or take for granted, the cooperating action of one of the two divisions in order to think more successfully and conveniently of the action of the other. , . . The custom of thus abstracting out the original nature of man in independence of any and all influences upon it is so general and so useful that it is best to follow it throughout.

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Heredity and environment: Studies in the genesis of psychological characteristics.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

A second study of familial resemblance in intelligence: Environmental and genetic implications of parent-child and sibling correlations in the total sample.

A second study of familial resemblance in intelligence: Environmental and genetic implications of parent-child and sibling correlations in the total sample.

"Intelligence as Related to Socio-Economic Factors"

On the proportional contributions of differences in nature and in nurture to differences in intelligence.

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