A family with serum cholinesterase (SC hE) deficiency is reported. A 64-year-old womanwas admitted for the excision of colon adenoma: chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by d her laboratory data revealed amarkedly decreased level ofSChE. SChEgenes ofthe patient and her family memberswere amplified by the polymerase rect sequencing. The patient's SChEgene had a homozygous frame shift mutation, in which an extra adenine was inserted in codon 315 (ACC^AACC),resulting in the appearance of a new stop codon in codon 322. The family study disclosed that her brother and sister had the same frame shift mutations in homozygote and heterozygote, respectively.