Hereditary disturbance of cholesterol metabolism: A factor in the genesis of atherosclerosis

Boas, Ernst P.; Parets, Albert D.; Adlersberg, David

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(48)90646-2

Cited by 73 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Osler (1910) noted the familial occurrence o f angina 70 years ago, reporting its appearance in several families and its multiple occurrence within a single generation of other families. Boas et al (1948) reported a n increased proportion of hyperlipidemics in the relatives of CHD pztients, a finding since corroborated by Glueck et al (1974), Hennekens et al (1976), andChase et al (1974). Significant, posiltive parent-child correlations for cholesterol have been reported by Schaefer et al (1953), Deutscher et al (1966), Godfrey et ooo9-9163/80/110321-08$02.50/0 0 1980Munksgaard, Copenhagen al.…”

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confidence: 63%

Intrafamilial associations of cholesterol and triglyceride among related and unrelated household members

et al. 1980

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The purpose of this report was to assess intrafamilial associations of lipids between related and unrelated household members seen in the course of a population‐based survey of lipids in schoolchildren and their parents. Fasting plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in 6,857 children and 3,079 adults. Age effects were removed for each sex‐race group using a third‐degree polynomial regression of lipid on age; the residuals were then used as observations in the analyses. For both cholesterol and triglyceride, significant positive correlations existed between father and son, father and daughter, mother and son, and mother and daughter. For both cholesterol and triglyceride, although the mother‐child correlations were stronger than those for father‐child, they were not significantly different. There were no significant correlations between step, foster, or adoptive parents and children. For cholesterol in sibships of size two, intrasibship correlations for fully related siblings were 0.333, for half‐sibs 0.164, and for unrelated sibs, 0.085. Consistently closer intrafamilial cholesterol and triglyceride associations between related than unrelated family members, and the strong parental effects on cholesterol and triglyceride indicate, in aggregate, that a considerable proportion of the variation of cholesterol and triglyceride can be explained by genetic factors.

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confidence: 63%

Intrafamilial associations of cholesterol and triglyceride among related and unrelated household members

et al. 1980

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“…A sensation of tingling and itching at the time of exposure followed within a matter of hours by a slight erythema and edema (sometimes associated with blanching of the skin), which lasts for two to three days. 2. A latent, asymptomatic period of three to five days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta Ray Burns of Human Skin

Knowlton¹

1949

JAMA

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The development of the atomic energy program has resulted in a large increase in the number of persons exposed to radiologic hazards. With this increase it is essential that physicians and other scientists be acquainted with the dangers accompanying the handling of radioactive materials. Four cases of beta ray burns of the hands are reported here for the purpose of supplementing the present information in the existing literature,1 and emphasizing the early clinical course, as well as the laboratory observations in such cases. It is hoped that, by calling attention to the early signs and symptoms of injury by beta radiation, overexposure will be recognized and hazardous operations discontinued before more damage is incurred.All 4 men were injured while undertaking procedures of a like nature at the recent atomic tests at Eniwetok Atoll (United States Atomic Energy Commission's proving grounds). This work involved the handling of radioactive materials which emitted large amounts of beta and gamma radiation. A deviation in the prescribed procedure undertaken to expedite the operation resulted in the handling of these radioactive substances directly with rubber-gloved and sometimes with bare hands rather than with the remote handling devices that had been provided. Measurement of the dosage of beta rays received by the patients was not obtained at the time of exposure, but film badge and pocket ionization chambers worn by the men over the thoracic region showed readings for gamma rays varying from 1 to about 15 r. In view of the fact that the hands were much closer to the active material, it must be presumed that the amount of gamma radiation received by the hands was somewhat larger, probably by a factor of 10.The major portion of the radiation consisted of beta rays with an average maximum energy of about 1 Mev.(million electron-volts). The ratio of beta counts to gamma counts in a glass-walled Geiger-Mueller type tube was about 6 to 1. The physical properties of beta rays of 1 Mev. maximum energy are such that approximately 90 per cent of the incident rays are absorbed by the first 3 mm. of tissue and 99 per cent are absorbed in 6 mm. of tissue.2 Estimates of dosage indicated that these 4 men received from 3,000 to 16,000 rep (roentgen equivalent physical) to the outer surface of the skin.3 The beta ray dosages below the surface of the skin would then be 300 to 1,600 rep at 3 mm. and 30 to 160 rep at a depth of 6 mm. In view of the fact that there was definite evidence that the whole body exposure did not exceed 15 r of gamma rays in any case, it was believed that there was minimal, if any, danger of important whole body effect, and the patients were treated primarily for local beta ray burns of the hands. This assumption was borne out in the course of the disease, in that at no time was there any significant evidence of other than local damage.Since the amounts of radiation received and the clin¬ ical courses of the patients differ to some extent, each case is reported separately. Following is a brief synop¬ sis ...

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“…However, many scientists believed that these findings could not be extrapolated to humans (21,22). During the 1930s and 1940s, scientists found higher levels of serum cholesterol in humans with various diseases of the kidneys and circulation (23,24). Hints also began to emerge that serum cholesterol levels could be decreased by manipulating the diet.…”

Section: Putting Cardiovascular Diseases On the Public Health And Medicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Policy, Controversy, and Proof: Doing Something versus Waiting for the Definitive Evidence

Garrety¹

2006

Silent Victories

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The view that a healthy diet was low in fats and high in carbohydrates became mainstream and widely accepted during the second half of the 20th century. But discussions about diet, disease, and health take place in a highly politicized arena, and this diet was the subject of considerable controversy. This chapter examines the period from the 1940s, when awareness of the increasing incidence of CHD began to grow, to 1985, the year the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) began its effort to sell the anti-fat, anti-cholesterol message to the nation. This campaign marked a victory for advocates of fat reduction over skeptics who continued to question the efficacy of low fat diets as a means of preventing disease.

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Hereditary disturbance of cholesterol metabolism: A factor in the genesis of atherosclerosis

Cited by 73 publications

References 8 publications

Intrafamilial associations of cholesterol and triglyceride among related and unrelated household members

Intrafamilial associations of cholesterol and triglyceride among related and unrelated household members

Beta Ray Burns of Human Skin

Dietary Policy, Controversy, and Proof: Doing Something versus Waiting for the Definitive Evidence

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