Herd protection against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infections conferred by mass antimalarial drug administrations and the implications for malaria elimination

Parker, Daniel M.; Tun, Than Naing; White, Lisa J.; Kajeechiwa, Ladda; Thwin, May Myo; Landier, Jordi; Chaumeau, Victor; Corbel, Vincent; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Seidlein, Lorenz von; White, N J; Maude, Richard J.; Nosten, François

doi:10.1101/393843

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Transmission Intensity A1

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2019

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“…Malaria interventions have been found to influence the force of infection in neighboring, untargeted communities [55,56]. This diffusion of infection has also been observed in E-Swatini, an area with very low transmission, whereby additional infections clustered around detectable infections [21].…”

Section: Transmission Intensity Amentioning

confidence: 83%

Malaria Hotspots: Is There Epidemiological Evidence for Fine-Scale Spatial Targeting of Interventions?

Stresman

Bousema

Cook

2019

Trends in Parasitology

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As data at progressively granular spatial scales become available, the temptation is to target interventions to areas with higher malaria transmission -so-called hotspots -with the aim of reducing transmission in the wider community. This paper reviews literature to determine if hotspots are an intrinsic feature of malaria epidemiology and whether current evidence supports hotspot-targeted interventions. Hotspots are a consistent feature of malaria transmission at all endemicities. The smallest spatial unit capable of supporting transmission is the household, where peri-domestic transmission occurs. Whilst the value of focusing interventions to highburden areas is evident, there is currently limited evidence that local-scale hotspots fuel transmission. As boundaries are often uncertain, there is no conclusive evidence that hotspot-targeted interventions accelerate malaria elimination.

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Section: Transmission Intensity Amentioning

confidence: 83%