Herd Health Troubles Potentially Related to Aluminium Grass Silage Content in Dairy Cows

Abstract

In ruminants, the main documented clinical manifestation of aluminium (Al) intoxication is similar to grass tetany. In a 50 dairy cow Belgian herd, the farmer reported excessive uterine bleeding at calving and decreased milk production. Dairy cows received a mixed ration (MR) with high Al concentration (453 ppm/kg of dry matter (DM)). Various analyses were sampled from 10 sick cows and compared with 10 healthy cows (from another herd). Sick cows presented anaemia and marginal hypozincaemia and 6/10 showed subclinical ketosis. Their urine analysis revealed hypomagnesaemia and a high Al/creatinine ratio. It was advised to determine soil pH, add salts to the ration to chelate the Al and support cows with mineral supplements and propylene glycol. A visit was carried out 2 years later and highlighted an improvement in the situation, but all examined animals presented subclinical ketosis. Grass silage Al content remained high (700 ppm/kg DM), as did butyric acid concentration (11.22 g/kg DM). Al could be incriminated at different stages: micronutrient deficiencies, anaemia and negative energy balance. However, Al was probably not the only culprit. This case report is a concern for future years in these areas due to droughts, scarcity of forage and an increase in contaminated soil ingestion.

The effect of humate as a feed additive on feed intake, production, and carcass parameters of Angus steers

“…The humate product used in this trial had 20,000 mg/kg DM of aluminium (Al). Aluminium has antibacterial properties that could have negative effects on the rumen microflora 15,16 . The antimicrobial properties of Al could be associated with the attachment of Al nanoparticles to bacterial cells, causing the toxicity via multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, cell membrane lysis, enzyme inhibition and proteolysis 15–17 .…”

“…Aluminium has antibacterial properties that could have negative effects on the rumen microflora. 15,16 The antimicrobial properties of Al could be associated with the attachment of Al nanoparticles to bacterial cells, causing the toxicity via multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, cell membrane lysis, enzyme inhibition and proteolysis. [15][16][17] Moreover, high dietary Al concentration can cause the formation of an insoluble and nonabsorbable complex with phosphorus (P) and magnesium.…”

“…15,16 The antimicrobial properties of Al could be associated with the attachment of Al nanoparticles to bacterial cells, causing the toxicity via multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, cell membrane lysis, enzyme inhibition and proteolysis. [15][16][17] Moreover, high dietary Al concentration can cause the formation of an insoluble and nonabsorbable complex with phosphorus (P) and magnesium. Low rumen P availability can affect carbohydrate metabolism through reduced adenosine triphosphate concentrations to power the activated of the rumen microflora.…”