Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences 
of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> serovars 2, 3 and 9 
in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

Maes, Dominiek; Chiers, Koen; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Laevens, Hans; Verdonck, Marc; Kruif, Aart de

doi:10.1051/vetres:2001133

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…In a previous study, we showed that the proportion of A. pleuropneumoniae infected pigs at time of weaning was approximately 30% and clustered at litter level (Tobias et al, 2014). For piglets free from A. pleuropneumoniae at the time of weaning, it is not clear when they become infected, but at time of slaughter the prevalence may nearly be 100% (Maes et al, 2001;Chiers et al, 2002;Tobias et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms

Tobias

Bouma

Broek

et al. 2014

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Clinical outbreaks due to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae occur recurrently, despite the wide-scale use of antimicrobials or vaccination. Therefore, new approaches for the prevention and control of these outbreaks are necessary. For the development of alternative measures, more insight into the transmission of the bacterium on farms is necessary. The aim of this cohort study was to quantify transmission of A. pleuropneumoniae amongst weaned piglets on farms. We investigated three possible transmission routes: (i) indirect transmission by infected piglets within the same compartment, (ii) transmission by infected pigs in adjacent pens and (iii) transmission by direct contact within pens. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of independent litter characteristics on the probability of infection. Two farms participated in our study. Serum and tonsil brush samples were collected from sows pre-farrowing. Serum was analysed for antibodies against Apx toxins and Omp. Subsequently, tonsil brush samples were collected from all piglets from these dams (N=542) in three cohorts, 3 days before weaning and 6 weeks later. Tonsil samples were analysed by qPCR for the presence of the apxIVA gene of A. pleuropneumoniae. Before weaning, 25% of the piglets tested positive; 6 weeks later 47% tested positive. Regression and stochastic transmission models were used to assess the contribution of each of the three transmission routes and to estimate transmission rates. Transmission between piglets in adjacent pens did not differ significantly from that between non-adjacent pens. The transmission rate across pens was estimated to be 0.0058 day(-1) (95% CI: 0.0030-0.010), whereas the transmission rate within pens was ten times higher 0.059 day(-1) (95% CI: 0.048-0.072). Subsequently, the effects of parity and serological response of the dam and litter age at weaning on the probability of infection of pigs were evaluated by including these into the regression model. A higher dam ApxII antibody level was associated with a lower probability of infection of the pig after weaning; age at weaning was associated with a higher probability of infection of the pig after weaning. Finally, transmission rate estimates were used in a scenario study in which the litters within a compartment were mixed across pens at weaning instead of raising litter mates together in a pen. The results showed that the proportion of infected piglets increased to 69% if litters were mixed at weaning, indicating that farm management measures may affect spread of A. pleuropneumoniae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms

Tobias

Bouma

Broek

et al. 2014

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…The presence of A pleuropneumoniae in both herds was further confirmed by the detection by serology of serotypes 1, 9 or 11 in both herds, as well as serotype 2 in herd B. These serotypes are commonly isolated in Belgium, and have been associated with pleurisy lesions at slaughter (Maes and others 2001). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Efficacy of vaccination againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein two Belgian farrow‐to‐finish pig herds with a history of chronic pleurisy

Sacristán

Michiels

Martens³

et al. 2014

Veterinary Record

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The efficacy of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae subunit vaccine based on ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OMP-2 (Porcilis App, MSD) was investigated in two farrow-to-finish pig herds (A and B) affected by chronic pleurisy. In total, 1161 pigs were included. At three weeks of age, the pigs were randomly allocated to non-vaccinated control (NV; n=580) and vaccinated (V; n=581) groups. At 6 and 10 weeks of age, pigs were injected with Porcilis-APP (V group) or adjuvant (NV group). At slaughter (26 weeks), pleurisy and pneumonia lesions were assessed. All pigs were weighed individually at 6 and 26 weeks of age, and average daily weight gain (ADG; g/pig/day) was calculated. Mortality and days of additional treatment (DAT) were registered during the whole experiment. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression or analysis of variance for proportions or continuous variables, respectively. The prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia was (NV-A=19.3, V-A=7.9, (P=0.000); NV-B=17.9, V-B=0.7, (P=0.000)) and (NV-A=42.4, V-A=21.2, (P=0.000); NV-B=46.7, V-B=19.0, (P=0.000)), respectively. The ADG was NV-A=632±157, V-A=647±91, (P=0.162); NV-B=660±115, V-B=670±82, (P=0.232). The mortality during the experiment was NV-A=5.7, V-A=1.8, (P=0.015); NV-B=2.3, V-B=1.0, (P=0.170) per cent. The DAT was: NV-A=15.04±1.41, V-A=14.95±0.67, (P=0.010); NV-B=21.68±2.43, V-B=16.99±0.62, (P=0.000). The present study showed a significant reduction of the prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia, and antimicrobial use in V pigs from both herds, and in mortality in V pigs from one herd.

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“…In our study, the high seroprevalence of M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae could be associated with the introduction of breeding animals (including local domestic pigs or freeranging pigs) in wild boar farms. Transmission of M. hyopneumoniae by carrier pigs is considered to be the main source of infection under field conditions as infected pigs may harbour the microbe in the respiratory tract for a long period (Maes et al 2001;Pieters et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in Greece

Marinou

Papatsiros

Gkotsopoulos

et al. 2015

Veterinary Quarterly

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Background: Increased density and distribution of wild boar populations are likely to promote interactions and transmission of certain pathogens, not only among wild boar but also from wild boar to livestock or humans and vice versa. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine seroprevalence against seven selected pathogens in wild boar living in four different areas in Greece. Animals and methods: In total, 359 serum samples were collected from extensively farmed wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) originating from four distinct geographical areas throughout Greece from April 2012 to August 2013. Samples were tested for antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, African swine fever virus (ASFV), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Prevalence was compared among the four regions using Fisher's exact test. Results: Low overall seropositivities of 2.4% and 5.6% were detected for E. rhusiopathiae and PRRSV, respectively, higher ones for ADV (32.0%) and the highest (72.5% and 90.5%) for M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae, respectively. All sera tested were found negative for antibodies directed against CSFV and ASFV. Conclusions: This is the first report of exposure of wild boars to selected pig pathogens in Greece. These results are indicative of the circulation of these pathogens in Greece with the exception of CSFV and ASFV and suggestive of the potential role of wild boars on their maintenance and transmission to their domestic counterparts and vice versa.

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Herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3 and 9 in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among weaned piglets on endemically infected farms

Efficacy of vaccination againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaein two Belgian farrow‐to‐finish pig herds with a history of chronic pleurisy

Exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in Greece

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