Herd Evaluation

Ramı́rez, Alejandro F.; Karriker, Locke A.

doi:10.1002/9781119350927.ch1

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the outbreaks, the affected animals were mainly nursery piglets, which have a high energy requirement. External factors such as temperature, humidity, and facilities conditions, as well as factors related to diet, may interfere with the intake and utilization of food (Parsons et al 1991, Berthol et al 2001, Bunzen et al 2008, Ramirez & Karriker 2012. In two of the farms (B and C), the soybean meal had poor quality, with low urea activity and low solubility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of nutritional cardiomyopathy in pigs in Brazil

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition that affects the myocardium, seldom reported in pigs. The DCM is characterized by ventricular dilation, which results in systolic and secondary diastolic dysfunction and can lead to arrhythmia and fatal congestive heart failure. This study described the clinical, pathological, chemical and toxicological findings of nutritional dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in nursery pigs through natural and experimental studies. Naturally occurring cases of DCM in three swine farms were investigated through necropsy (fourteen pigs), microscopic, virological, chemical and toxicological exams for the detection of the etiology. The experimental study was conducted with nine 40 days-old piglets, which were divided into three groups of three piglets each. Group 1 was fed with the suspected diet of the naturally occurring cases, Group 2 with half of the suspected diet and half of a control diet, and Group 3 received only the control diet. Clinical signs were recorded. All pigs were submitted of euthanized, necropsie and collection sample for laboratories exams, after 15 days of experiment onset. At the necropsy, all naturally occurring cases had bilateral cardiac dilatation associated to hepatic enhanced lobular pattern (nutmeg liver) and lungs edema. Microscopically, the heart revealed severe hypertrophy and vacuolization of cardiomyocytes, as well as myofiber disarray. Feed analysis revealed low-quality standard soybean meal. After the suspected feed was replaced, clinically ill pigs recovered, and mortality ceased. At the experimental study, two piglets from Group 1 had cough, dyspnea and diarrhea. At the necropsy, these animals had similar gross and microscopic lesions to the natural cases. The nutritional DCM in pigs may be associated to the diet with low-quality soybean meal, as it was further confirmed through an experimental study.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of nutritional cardiomyopathy in pigs in Brazil

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main criteria to be considered for evaluation of a potential supplier are: a. the type of facility and animal housing conditions, and the probability of whether the supplier maintains a health management programme (protection against wild animals and pest, suitable animal flows on site, possibility to conduct adequate cleaning and disinfection practices etc. ); b. the health status history of the farm and number and type of checks that are performed (herd health monitoring plan, including information on clinical examination, 5,[18][19][20][21] body condition scoring (BCS) 18,22 ); c. verifying if and how often the breeder introduces new animals (coming from other suppliers) or biological material and checking the health reports accordingly; d. the proximity of the farm to the research centre where animals will be used;…”

Section: Criteria For Selection Of Farm Suppliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations recommendations of best practices for the health management of ruminants and pigs used for scientific and educational purposes

Caristo

Ferrara²,

Hardy³

et al. 2020

Lab Anim

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most ruminants and pigs used for scientific and educational aims are bred not for these purposes but in a farm environment. Given the wide range of diseases that these species might have, ensuring that the animals’ health status is appropriate can be complex and challenging. The Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations has previously published recommendations for the health monitoring of experimental colonies of pigs (1998) and, respectively, calves, sheep and goats (2000). Unfortunately, the uptake of those recommendations was poor and insufficiently reported in scientific publications. These new recommendations for best practice focus on the main species of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) and pigs. They provide general and specific information helpful for designing a health management programme for the suppliers and for the user establishments, as well as guidance on animal procurement. Critical thinking based on the fields of use of the animals is promoted, aiming to help in taking informed decisions rather than establishing an exhaustive exclusion list for pathogens. Implementing the best health and welfare management practices should be done under the guidance of a competent attending veterinarian, with expertise and sufficient authority to take the appropriate action, doubled by excellent communication skills. It is strongly recommended that the user establishment’s veterinarian works in close collaboration with the supplier’s veterinarian.

show abstract

“…Animals were clinically monitored throughout the study including hyperthermia and vaginal discharge. Pigs were considered to have hyperthermia if their rectal temperature was ≥39.5 °C [ 26 ]. Blood and swabs were collected as shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Vaccination with UV-Inactivated Chlamydia suis in Pre-Exposed Outbred Pigs Decreases Pathogen Load and Induces CD4 T-Cell Maturation into IFN-γ+ Effector Memory Cells

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most frequent bacterial sexually transmitted disease, and they can lead to ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Despite these detrimental long-term sequelae, a vaccine is not available. Success in preclinical animal studies is essential for vaccines to move to human clinical trials. Pigs are the natural host to Chlamydia suis (Cs)—a chlamydia species closely related to Ct, and are susceptible to Ct, making them a valuable animal model for Ct vaccine development. Before making it onto market, Ct vaccine candidates must show efficacy in a high-risk human population. The high prevalence of human Ct infection combined with the fact that natural infection does not result in sterilizing immunity, results in people at risk likely having been pre-exposed, and thus having some level of underlying non-protective immunity. Like human Ct, Cs is highly prevalent in outbred pigs. Therefore, the goal of this study was to model a trial in pre-exposed humans, and to determine the immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal Cs vaccination in pre-exposed outbred pigs. The vaccine candidates consisted of UV-inactivated Cs particles in the presence or absence of an adjuvant (TriAdj). In this study, both groups of vaccinated pigs had a lower Cs burden compared to the non-vaccinated group; especially the TriAdj group induced the differentiation of CD4+ cells into tissue-trafficking CCR7- IFN-γ-producing effector memory T cells. These results indicate that Cs vaccination of pre-exposed pigs effectively boosts a non-protective immune response induced by natural infection; moreover, they suggest that a similar approach could be applied to human vaccine trials.

show abstract

Herd Evaluation

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Outbreaks of nutritional cardiomyopathy in pigs in Brazil

Outbreaks of nutritional cardiomyopathy in pigs in Brazil

Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations recommendations of best practices for the health management of ruminants and pigs used for scientific and educational purposes

Mucosal Vaccination with UV-Inactivated Chlamydia suis in Pre-Exposed Outbred Pigs Decreases Pathogen Load and Induces CD4 T-Cell Maturation into IFN-γ+ Effector Memory Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About