Herbicides in Surface Waters, Studies on Fate of 2,4-D and Ester Derivatives in Natural Surface Waters

Aly, Osman M.; Faust, Samuel D.

doi:10.1021/jf60136a016

Cited by 97 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ester and acid are not soluble in water,but the salt is water soluble. Aly and Faust (1964), in a study on the fate of 2,4-D and ester derivatives in natural surface waters, have found the solubility of the calciumand magnesium salts of 2,4-D in distilled water at 25 0 C to be 4,000 and 1,000 mg/l respectively. An alkaline scrubber using sodium or calcium hydroxide would readily convert very low concentration of ester in the combustion gases (should they occur) to the sodium or calcium salts.…”

Section: Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological Degradation: Aly and Faust (1964) performed studies on the biological degradation of 2,4-D compounds in lake waters and in bottom muds. 2,4-D ester concentrations of 50 mg/l were placed in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) dilution water seeded with 5% settled sewage.…”

Section: Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many investigators have showed that 2,4-D is rapidly decomposed in soils, and that high concentrations of the material have no appreciable effect on the soil population of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes . The persistence of 2,4,5-T is usually two to three times longer than 2;4-D (DeRose, 1947) and very few microorganisms have been identified as having the ability to break down the 2,4,5-T molecules (Aly, 1964). Leopold, VanSchaik, and Neal (1960) found that increasing chlorination of phenoxyacetic acid decreased its water solubility while increasing its absorption onto activated carbon and organic matter, thus making less available for microbial degradation.…”

Section: Description Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Statement. Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration

WASHINGTON¹

1974

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Section: Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental Statement. Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration

WASHINGTON¹

1974

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“…The ester and acid are not soluble in water,but the salt is water soluble. Aly and Faust (1964), in a study on the fate of 2,4-D and ester derivatives in natural surface waters, have found the solubility of the calcium and magnesium salts of 2,4-0 in distilled water at 250C to be 4,000 and 1,000 mg/l respectively. An alkaline scrubber using sodium or calcium hydroxide would readily convert very low concentration of ester in the combustion gases (should they occur) to the sodium or calcium salts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological Degradation: Aly and Faust (1964) performed studies on the biological degradation of 2,4-0 compounds in lake waters and in bottom muds. 2,4-f ester concentrations of 50 mg/l were placed in biochemical oxygen demand (BOO) dilution water seeded with 5% settled sewage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration. Revised Draft Environmental Statement

WASHINGTON¹

1974

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On the Elimination of Organic Microcontaminants by Flocculation with Lime Hydrate

Walther

1985

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Sunin:ory: For bhe purpose of utilizing domestic flocculants for the treatment. of water and of rcducing by this the equivalent imports of metal salt's, in this paper the result of investigations made on niodel waters and on a river water sample is described. The niodel waters contained the pesticides Atrazin, Diuron and 2,4-D, which partly were polluted in addition with different quantities of fulvic and humic acids as well as with colloidal substances causing turbidity (Friedla.nd clay and finely dispersed cellulose). l h e investigations were supplemented by testing several adsorption media as y-aluminium oxide, active carbon and diatom earth. I n the presence of fulvic and humic substances one does not succeed in eliminating the investigated herbicides by flocculation with lime hydrate: Only after chemical side reactions betmeen these contained subRtances the adsorbability is clearly influenced. The different elimination efficiencies a t different, rea:.tion condibions are explained in detail. IntroducBionWALTIIER; BOHM; WRICKE as well a s WRICKE et al. reported about natural-and engineering-scientific investigations concerning the application of lime hydrate i n the treatment of highly polluted surface waters. By these investigations there was tested to which degree lime hydrate which can be obtained from domestic raw materials could be substituted for flocciilants made from important raw materials, as aluminium salts. I n connection with the application of lime hydrate also the question has to be answered whether by this precipitant and flocculant organic microcontaminants with a pollutant character, it relatively low molar mass and more or less pronounced hydrophilic properties will be better eliminated than by the metal salt flocculants as aluminium sulphate and iron(I11)-chloride which are subject to hydrolysis. These are known t o reduce the concentration of organic substances contained in water having a low molar mass only slightly if these substances are hydrophilic or considerably water-soluble.Due to the following reasons one may assume that, under certain conditions, organic pollutants are eliminated by lime hydrate t o a higher degree than by the metal salts:-If lime hydrate is used, a considerably larger quantity of precipitation product or flocs isproduced, due to which possibly the adsorptive c,apacity for water-contained organic substances will be increased.-Theoretically, the appliiation of lime hydrate will provide good conditions forthe elimination of anionic compounds.

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Herbicides in Surface Waters, Studies on Fate of 2,4-D and Ester Derivatives in Natural Surface Waters

Cited by 97 publications

References 7 publications

Environmental Statement. Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration

Environmental Statement. Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration

Disposition of Orange Herbicide by Incineration. Revised Draft Environmental Statement

On the Elimination of Organic Microcontaminants by Flocculation with Lime Hydrate

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