Herbicide tolerance and water use efficiency in forest species used in degraded areas recovery programs

Abstract

SUMMARYThe use of tree species in recovery areas is a sustainable practice in many Brazilian regions. However, a major challenge is to manage invasive species and contain the herbicide residues applied in areas for recovery. Amid all the concerns about water crises, employing species with a better use of water in recovery programs of degraded areas on herbicides-contaminated sites becomes interesting. The objective of this study was to evaluate sensitivity to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and water use efficiency in tree species. For this, an experiment was conducted under nursery and greenhouse conditions, in random blocks, consisting of a factorial arrangement: eight forest species (Eremanthus crotonoides, Richeria grandis, Protium heptaphyllum, Tapirira guianensis, Kielmeyera latrophyton, Calophyllum brasiliense, Inga striata and Caesalpinia ferrea) and three herbicide solutions, plus the control group. The total dose proposed for each product was twice the average recommended dose (2.5 kg ha -1 , 2.0 L ha -1 and 0.806 kg ha -1 , respectively, for atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D), divided into six ten-day intervals each. After 80 days of the first application, phytotoxicity was evaluated, as well as chlorophyll, leaf temperature, leaf area and efficient use of water. Most species were negatively affected by the three herbicides. Protium heptaphyllum, K. latrophyton, I. striata and C. ferrea also experienced negative alterations in some variables, however, they were classified as the less sensitive group, allowing eventual use of the tested herbicides for chemical weed control in commercial plantations. Tapirira guianensis was the most efficient species in the use of water, regardless of herbicide presence.Key words: atrazine, clomazone, 2,4-D, riparian zones. RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la sensibilidad a la atrazina, la clomazona y el 2,4-D y la eficiencia del uso del agua en especies de árboles. Para esto, se realizó un experimento en vivero e invernadero, en bloques al azar, mediante un arreglo factorial representado por la combinación de ocho especies forestales (Eremanthus crotonoides, Richeria grandis, Protium heptaphyllum, Tapirira guianensis, Kielmeyera latrophyton, Calophyllum brasiliense, Inga striata y Caesalpinia ferrea) y tres soluciones de herbicida, más el grupo de control. La dosis total propuesta para cada producto fue el doble de la dosis recomendada comercialmente (2,5 kg ha -1 , 2,0 L ha -1 y 0,81 kg ha -1 , respectivamente, para atrazina, clomazona y 2,4-D), divididas en seis intervalos de diez dias cada uno. Después de 80 días de la primera aplicación, se evaluó la fitotoxicidad, así como clorofila, temperatura de las hojas, área foliar y eficiencia del uso del agua. La mayoría de las especies se vio afectada negativamente por los tres herbicidas. Tapirira guianensis fue la especie más eficiente en el uso del agua, independientemente de la presencia de herbicidas. De esta manera, en medio de todas las preocupaciones sobre la crisis hídrica mundial, el empleo de estas espe...

Ação de herbicidas pré-emergentes no estabelecimento inicial de plântulas de espécies nativas do Cerrado

“…Atualmente, o ajuste ambiental das propriedades rurais tem sido considerado uma das principais demandas do setor agropecuário e dos órgãos ambientais. Isso se deve ao termo da nova Lei Florestal Brasileira e à implementação do cadastro ambiental rural, no qual a restauração de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs) com uso conflitante da terra e implementação ou adequação da reserva legal será obrigatória (Aguiar et al, 2016).…”