Herbicide Resistance Is Increasing in Spain: Concomitant Management and Prevention

Abstract

Herbicide-resistant weeds currently challenge sustainable food production in almost all cropping systems in Europe. Herbicide resistance is increasing, and some European countries are among the most affected globally, such as Spain and France. This situation is worsening not only due to herbicide use restrictions but also due to climate change, rendering Mediterranean countries such as Spain particularly susceptible. Therefore, focus should be aimed at preventive measures, which include those not only based on integrated weed management strategies but also based on a very good knowledge of the biology and ecology of each weed species. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of potential future herbicide-resistant cases that can evolve in the near future in Europe. We use Spain as the case study, as it is the most affected country in Europe and because it is at risk due to global warming. For different resistant cases detailed on a crop basis, adequate prevention and management measures will be provided in order to avoid resistance evolution relative to the sites of action that are most likely to generate resistant biotypes due to expected high selection pressures.

Herbicide Resistance: Managing Weeds in a Changing World

“…Lolium species have also been recorded to have evolved resistance to glyphosate. Avena species, Bromus specie, Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum dichotomiflorum and Echinochloa crus-galli resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been recorded in some countries in Europe [23,28]. Some individual active ingredients of herbicides have recorded more cases of resistant weed species across the globe.…”

Degradation strategies of pesticide residue: From chemicals to synthetic biology

“…Pesticides mentioned above are all facing a similar dilemma of increasingly enhanced resistance owing to gene variation of the target protein. More resistance is coming with overdosed and broad-spectrum pesticide usage, leading to larger dosages of pesticides to realize the same effect compared with the past [ 40 , 41 ]. It is to say that the economic benefit brought by pesticides is decreasing while the environmental burden is increasing.…”

Health effects of herbicides and its current removal strategies

“…Pesticide prevents the spread of diseases that can ruin entire crops and allows crops to grow and mature providing sustainable global food supply [ 3 ]. Pesticide is one of the emerging contaminants and herbicide is a type of pesticide designed to target and control unwanted plant growth [ 4 , 5 ]. These chemicals are used to kill or suppress weeds and unwanted vegetation in a wide variety of settings, such as agricultural fields, lawns, gardens, and industrial sites.…”