Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops

LeBaron, Homer M.; McFarland, Janis E.

doi:10.1021/bk-1990-0421.ch023

Cited by 81 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…There is a prevailing opinion that the high glycoalkaloid content is connected with stress caused by drought, high temperatures or pesticides during vegetation (Leja 1987, Zrùst 1997. Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin) and Basagran 600 SL (bentazon) initially inhibit photosynthesis and transport of electrons in CO 2 reactions, which influences the metabolism of plants ( LeBaron andGressel 1982, Corbett 1994). The research findings by Zrùst (1997) showed that the increase in TGA content above the limit 200 mg/kg as a result of herbicide applications to control weeds and potato late blight should not cause any problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of herbicide applications on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers

Zarzecka¹,

Gugała²

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Field experiments were conducted at Zawady Experimental Station (University of Podlasie) in 1999-2001 to test the effect of herbicides (Sencor 70 WG, Basagran 600 SL) and their mixtures (Sencor 70 WG with Fusilade Super, Basagran 600 SL with Focus Ultra) on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in tubers of three potato cultivars. The application of herbicides to potato fields caused an increase in the content of ascorbic acid in comparison with the control. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of potato cultivars on ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloid concentrations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of herbicide applications on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers

Zarzecka¹,

Gugała²

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…The s-triazine compounds have numerous applications throughout industry and agriculture (10,19,25,30). Those containing N-alkyl substituents, like atrazine (2-chloro-4-Nethylamino-6-N-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), have been applied successfully as herbicides (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melamine Deaminase and Atrazine Chlorohydrolase: 98 Percent Identical but Functionally Different

et al. 2001

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The gene encoding melamine deaminase (TriA) from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRL B-12227 was identified, cloned into Escherichia coli, sequenced, and expressed for in vitro study of enzyme activity. Melamine deaminase displaced two of the three amino groups from melamine, producing ammeline and ammelide as sequential products. The first deamination reaction occurred more than 10 times faster than the second. Ammelide did not inhibit the first or second deamination reaction, suggesting that the lower rate of ammeline hydrolysis was due to differential substrate turnover rather than product inhibition. Remarkably, melamine deaminase is 98% identical to the enzyme atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA) from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. Each enzyme consists of 475 amino acids and differs by only 9 amino acids. AtzA was shown to exclusively catalyze dehalogenation of halo-substituted triazine ring compounds and had no activity with melamine and ammeline. Similarly, melamine deaminase had no detectable activity with the halo-triazine substrates. Melamine deaminase was active in deamination of a substrate that was structurally identical to atrazine, except for the substitution of an amino group for the chlorine atom. Moreover, melamine deaminase and AtzA are found in bacteria that grow on melamine and atrazine compounds, respectively. These data strongly suggest that the 9 amino acid differences between melamine deaminase and AtzA represent a short evolutionary pathway connecting enzymes catalyzing physiologically relevant deamination and dehalogenation reactions, respectively.

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“…The discovery of triazine resistance in Senecio vulgaris L. (23) and subsequently in other species (18) much lower affinity for triazine herbicides than the normal protein, resulting in triazine resistance (20). The altered QB protein in resistant biotypes reduces the rate of electron transfer between PSII quinone acceptors QA and QB, and thus, reduces the maximum rate of photosynthesis (4,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Triazine Resistance in Senecio vulgaris Parental and Nearly Isonuclear Backcrossed Biotypes Is Correlated with Reduced Productivity

McCloskey

Holt

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Isonuclear triazine-susceptible and triazine-resistant Senecio vulgaris L. biotypes were developed by making reciprocal crosses between susceptible and resistant biotypes to obtain F1 hybrids and backcrossing the hybrids to the appropriate pollen parent. The electrophoretic isozyme patterns of the enzyme aconitase obtained from leaf extracts of triazine-susceptible parental (S) and backcrossed (SXRBC6) biotypes, and triazine-resistant parental (R) and backcrossed (RXSBC6) biotypes verified that the biotypes had the expected nuclear genomes. Atrazine inhibition of chloroplast whole chain electron transport from water to methyl viologen was measured to verify susceptibility or resistance to triazine herbicides. The photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation of greenhouse grown susceptible and resistant S. vulgaris biotypes were measured 28, 35, 42, 50, 57, and (17). PSII efficiency in the use of separated charge for oxygen evolution and electron transport is lower in resistant biotypes (12, 17) which explains the lower quantum yields characteristic of triazine resistant biotypes (5,13,15,17,19).As expected from the reduced photosynthetic potential of triazine resistant biotypes, several studies have shown that in the absence of triazine herbicides, resistant biotypes produce less biomass than susceptible biotypes. In Amaranthus spp., B. napus, Chenopodium album, and Senecio vulgaris, resistant biotypes accumulated less biomass and produced less seed than susceptible biotypes in competitive and noncompetitive conditons (7,8,11,29). In contrast, Warwick and Black (29) reported that resistant and susceptible biotypes of C. strictum produced similar amounts of biomass in competitive and noncompetitive conditions. Similarly, Schonfeld et al. (24) found that a triazine-resistant biotype of Phalaris paradoxa was similar or superior to a susceptible biotype in photosynthetic rate and growth in noncompetitive conditions, even though the resistant biotype had a lower quantum yield than the susceptible biotype. Jansen et al. (16)

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Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of herbicide applications on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers

The effect of herbicide applications on the content of ascorbic acid and glycoalkaloids in potato tubers

Melamine Deaminase and Atrazine Chlorohydrolase: 98 Percent Identical but Functionally Different

Triazine Resistance in Senecio vulgaris Parental and Nearly Isonuclear Backcrossed Biotypes Is Correlated with Reduced Productivity

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