Herbicide Resistance in Turfgrass: An Emerging Problem?

Brosnan, James T.; Breeden, Gregory K.

doi:10.1564/v24_aug_05

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This report should serve as a notice for managers to implement resistance prevention strategies not already in place. It is uncommon to monitor sites for weed resistance in turf (Mithila et al 2011), because relatively few herbicide-resistant weeds have been documented in turf until recently (Brosnan and Breeden 2013; Cross et al 2015). Turf managers will need to proactively educate themselves and their staffs about weed management techniques and herbicide resistance; scout for weed escapes following applications; rotate herbicide MOAs when possible; use tank mixtures with multiple MOAs when possible; and continue to use mechanical and cultural weed controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-D–Resistant Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Managed Turf

2018

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A population of buckhorn plantain with suspected resistance to 2,4-D was identified in central Indiana following 30 yr of 2,4-D–containing herbicide applications. Our objectives were to (1) confirm and quantify the level of herbicide resistance in the buckhorn plantain population using dose–response experiments and (2) find alternative herbicides that could be used to control this population. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the dose–response of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of buckhorn plantain to both 2,4-D and triclopyr, two synthetic auxin herbicides from different chemical families. The R biotype was ≥6.2 times less sensitive to 2,4-D than the S biotype. The efficacy of triclopyr was similar on both the R and S biotypes of buckhorn plantain, suggesting the absence of cross-resistance to this herbicide. This is the first report of 2,4-D resistance in buckhorn plantain and the first report of 2,4-D resistance in turf. The resistance mechanism was limited to within a chemical family (phenoxycarboxylic acid) and did not occur across all WSSA Group 4 synthetic auxin herbicides, as the pyridinecarboxylic acid herbicides clopyralid and triclopyr and the arylpicolinate herbicide halauxifen-methyl provided control in our experiments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4-D–Resistant Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Managed Turf

2018

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“…Prolific seed production (Holm et al 1997) and ability to germinate under a wide range of environmental conditions (McElroy et al 2004) make P. annua an exceptionally difficult weed to control. Although many herbicides are registered for P. annua control in turf, its high fecundity and high genetic diversity create strong selection pressure for herbicide resistance (Brosnan and Breeden 2013). To date, P. annua has evolved herbicide resistance more than any other turf weed species (Brosnan and Breeden 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many herbicides are registered for P. annua control in turf, its high fecundity and high genetic diversity create strong selection pressure for herbicide resistance (Brosnan and Breeden 2013). To date, P. annua has evolved herbicide resistance more than any other turf weed species (Brosnan and Breeden 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia

et al. 2020

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Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide groups. All populations were found to be resistant to multiple turf herbicides. Dose–response experiments confirmed resistance to propyzamide, simazine, rimsulfuron, foramsulfuron, endothall, and pinoxaden. Levels of resistance to rimsulfuron (>56-fold), foramsulfuron (>19-fold), endothall (>7-fold), and pinoxaden (>4.3-fold) compared with the susceptible population were high, but levels of resistance to propyzamide (>2-fold) and simazine (>2-fold) were lower. Considerable variation in resistance to endothall and pinoxaden was observed among the populations of P. annua. Target-site resistance was confirmed for acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, but not for photosystem II and microtubule assembly inhibitors. This study documented the extensive resistance to herbicides in P. annua from turf in Australia. Three of the populations investigated exhibited multiple resistance to herbicides from five mechanisms of action. The identification of multiple-resistant P. annua on several golf courses is a serious concern for turf managers.

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“…As a result, turfgrass managers often manage annual bluegrass infestations with regular applications of PRE and POST herbicides. Unfortunately, reports of annual bluegrass resistance to herbicides targeting various sites of action for PRE and POST control have been documented (Brosnan and Breeden 2013a). Over 66% of documented instances of herbicide resistance in turfgrass systems have occurred in annual bluegrass, with 27 biotypes developing resistance to nine sites of action, more than any other turfgrass weed (Heap 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Biotype of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Tennessee Is Resistant to Inhibitors of ALS and Photosystem II

et al. 2015

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Annual bluegrass resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) in managed turf has been confirmed in the southeastern United States. A biotype of annual bluegrass that had developed resistance (R) to the PSII inhibitor simazine was not controlled by POST applications of foramsulfuron or trifloxysulfuron in 2011 or 2012. In whole plant dose-response experiments, trifloxysulfuron, simazine, and indaziflam controlled a susceptible (S) population of annual bluegrass > 91% when applied POST to nontillering plants. However, trifloxysulfuron applications at 3.5 to 223 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 40%. Similarly, simazine at 140 to 9,000 g ai ha−1only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 20%. R annual bluegrass plants were more tolerant to indaziflam applied POST to leaf stage plants prior to tillering, as rates > 100 g ai ha−1were needed to control R annual bluegrass ≥ 96%. No differences in the activity of ALS in R and S plants exposed to increasing foramsulfuron concentrations from 0 to 100 µM were detected suggesting that nontarget mechanisms could explain reduced efficacy of POST herbicide applications in whole plant dose-response experiments. Applications of indaziflam (35 to 70 g ha−1) and oxadiazon (2,240 to 4,500 g ai ha−1) effectively controlled R annual bluegrass when applied PRE. This biotype of R annual bluegrass is the first reported instance of a weed developing resistance to multiple modes of action in managed turf. Education is needed among turf managers regarding the consequences of exclusive use of the same herbicides for annual bluegrass control leading to the onset of herbicide resistance.

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Herbicide Resistance in Turfgrass: An Emerging Problem?

Abstract: 1 6 4 O u t l o o k s o n Pe s t M a n a g e m e n t -A u g u s t 2 0 1 3

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

2,4-D–Resistant Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Managed Turf

2,4-D–Resistant Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Managed Turf

Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia

A Biotype of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Tennessee Is Resistant to Inhibitors of ALS and Photosystem II

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