Herbicide monitoring in soil, runoff waters and sediments in an olive orchard

Calderón, M.J.; Luna, Elena de; Gómez, José A.; Hermosı́n, M.C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.126

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Where Cs is the pesticide concentration in the sediment (g kg -1 ) and Cr is the pesticide concentration in the runoff (g L -1 ) (Calderon et al 2016). A Kd of 5 L kg −1 was determined for TBA in sediments of the Alqueva reservoir (Palma et al 2015); similar low Kd values were reported by other authors (Cabrera et al 2008, Calderon et al 2016, indicating that this compound is weakly sorbed on sediments. Kd values of TBA were found to increase with time (Calderon et al 2016), probably due to aging effects (Regitano et al 2006).…”

Section: Kd=cs/crsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The potential of the herbicide, and its metabolite DET, for groundwater contamination was also proven by different lysimeter experimental studies (Guzzella et al 2003, Milan et al 2015. 70% of applied TBA was recovered from leachates during a leaching experiment conducted with hand packed soil columns (Calderon et al 2016), while TBA and DET were often found in leached waters, at concentrations above 0.1 µg L −1 (up to 0.34 µg L −1 for DET), during a two-year study carried out with a battery of field lysimeters, filled with silty-loam soil and treated during preemergence with a mixture of commercial products (Milan et al 2015). In a 17-month, fields under continental climate conditions study, TBA showed a similar leaching potential to atrazine, or even higher than the banned compound if the soil exhibited moderate TBA persistence (time needed for the disappearance of 50% of the initial compound mass DT50:…”

Section: Mobility: Leaching and Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…No herbicide residues were detected in the soil 107 days after application. The disappearance of TBA from the topsoil seemed to be mainly related to leaching processes, as only very low levels of both herbicides (TBA and DET) were recovered from runoff waters and sediment throughout the monitoring period (Calderon et al 2016). Soil samples from two different layers (5-25 and 40-60 cm depth) were incubated with TBA at two temperatures.…”

Section: Mobility: Leaching and Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terbuthylazine and desethylterbuthylazine: Recent occurrence, mobility and removal techniques

2018

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The herbicide terbuthylazine (TBA) has displaced atrazine in most of EU countries, becoming one of the most regularly used pesticides and, therefore, frequently detected in natural waters. The affinity of TBA for soil organic matter suggests prolonged contamination; degradation leads to the release of the metabolite desethylterbuthylazine (DET), which has higher water solubility and binds more weakly to organic matter compared to the parent compound, resulting in higher associated risk for contamination of groundwater resources. Additionally, TBA and DET are chemicals of emerging concern because of their persistence and toxicity towards aquatic organisms; moreover, they are known to have significant endocrine disruption capacity to wildlife and humans. Conventional treatments applied during drinking water production do not lead to the complete removal of these chemicals; activated carbon provides the greatest efficiency, whereas ozonation can generate by-products with comparable oestrogenic activity to atrazine. Hydrogen peroxide alone is ineffective to degrade TBA, while UV/HO advanced oxidation and photocatalysis are the most effective processes for oxidation of TBA. It has been determined that direct photolysis gives the highest degradation efficiency of all UV/HO treatments, while most of the photocatalytic degradation is attributed to OH radicals, and TiO solar-photocatalytic ozonation can lead to almost complete TBA removal in ∼30 min. Constructed wetlands provide a valuable buffer capacity, protecting downstream surface waters from contaminated runoff. TBA and DET occurrence are summarized and removal techniques are critically evaluated and compared, to provide the reader with a comprehensive guide to state-of-the-art TBA removal and potential future treatments.

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Section: Kd=cs/crsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Mobility: Leaching and Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Mobility: Leaching and Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terbuthylazine and desethylterbuthylazine: Recent occurrence, mobility and removal techniques

2018

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“…This herbicide persists in the environment and has a tendency to easily move from treated soils to water compartments through runoffs and leaching (88,89). This has raised concern about its potential toxic effects on aquatic organisms.…”

Section: Involvement Of Oxidative Stress In Terbuthylazine Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings

Semren

Žunec

Pizent

2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.

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“…If a herbicide is applied before crop emergence (as in this study), then only a very small portion will be absorbed by plant roots (13), while the bulk will remain in soil from where it can enter surrounding waters (10,(14)(15)(16). The mobility of a herbicide (leaching/runoff) or its retention in soil (adsorption) is highly affected by its characteristics (such as hydrophobicity), soil type (pH and humus/clay content), and soil moisture level and temperature (6,8,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation dynamics of terbuthylazine in soil during the maize growing season

Stipičević

Mendaš

Dvoršćak

et al. 2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Ever since terbuthylazine (TBA) replaced atrazine in herbicide crop treatment, its much greater persistence has raised considerable environmental concern. The aim of our field experiment was to establish the dissipation dynamics of TBA and its degradation product desethylterbuthylazine (DET) in soil over five months of maize growth. We applied TBA as part of pre-emergent treatment in the regular and double-the-regular amounts. Soil samples were collected periodically at the following depths: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-50 cm. For TBA and DET soil residue analysis we used microwave-assisted extraction with methanol, followed by HPLC-UV/DAD. Regardless of the application rate, more than 80 % of the applied TBA dissipated from the first 50 cm of soil in the two months after herbicide application and 120 mm of rainfall. Three months later (at maize harvest), less than 4 % of total TBA remained in the soil, mostly in the top 20 cm rich with organic carbon on which TBA is likelier to adsorb. The loss of TBA from soil coincided with the rise in DET, especially the top soil layers, during the periods of low rainfall and highest soil temperatures. This points to biodegradation as the main route of TBA dissipation in humic soils. The applied amount had no significant effect on TBA dissipation in the top (humic) layers, but in the layers with less than 1 % of organic carbon, it was higher when the doublethe-regular dose was applied.

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Herbicide monitoring in soil, runoff waters and sediments in an olive orchard

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Terbuthylazine and desethylterbuthylazine: Recent occurrence, mobility and removal techniques

Terbuthylazine and desethylterbuthylazine: Recent occurrence, mobility and removal techniques

Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings

Dissipation dynamics of terbuthylazine in soil during the maize growing season

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