Herbicide: Fatal Ammonium Thiocyanate and Aminotriazole Poisoning

Legras, Annick; Skrobala, D.; Furet, Y.; Kintz, Pascal; Forveille, Elisabeth; Dequin, Pierre‐François; Perrotin, D.

doi:10.3109/15563659609013816

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This interference by thiocyanate can also result in discordant chloride measurement as well as chloride error. This was seen in the forementioned case of ammonium thiocyanate and aminotriazole herbicide ingestion where hyperchloremia of 141 mmol/L with a reverse anion gap of minus 19 was reported [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is renally cleared and its endogenous clearance is long with a half-life of 2.7 days in healthily subjects and 9 days in renal insufficiency [6]. One previous case report details the effect of dialysis on thiocyanate clearance [4]. CVVHDF (prescription not reported) was instituted in a fatal case of ammonium thiocyanate and aminotriazole herbicide ingestion that had a thiocyanate level of 750 mg/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports of thiocyanate toxicity from nitroprusside use for hypertension in the setting of renal impairment/failure have also been reported as thiocyanate is renally cleared [2,3]. In a fatal deliberate ingestion of a herbicide which contained ammonium thiocyanate and aminotriazole, a 54 year old man presented with coma and cardiovascular collapse although the relative contributions of the two herbicides to the clinical toxicity is unknown [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe Toxicity with Guanidine Thiocyanate Ingestion

Page¹,

Krüger²,

Dimeski³

et al. 2016

J Clinic Toxicol

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Objective: To describe the toxicity of deliberate guanidine thiocyanate ingestion and it's treatment including dialysis.Case report: A 52-year-old male presented to hospital with abdominal pain after giving a history of ingesting bottled water. His initial vital signs and examination were normal. Soon after the patient became confused and agitated, necessitating intubation and ventilation for presumed encephalitis. His chloride was unmeasurable and the ionised calcium was low at 0.59 mmol/L (reference range [RR] 1.15-1.32 mmol/L). His pH and osmolar gap were normal. Analysis of the ingested water on two chemistry analysers gave discrepant chloride readings (129 mmol/L and 49 mmol/L) suggesting interference from a cross reacting analyte, which subsequently was proven to be thiocyanate with a concentration of 1485mg/L and 538mg/L in the bottled water and admission serum respectively (RR 0.1-4 mg/L). Dialysis in the form of continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) was instituted based on this high level. Serial thiocyanate levels demonstrated zero order elimination kinetics pre dialysis and first order kinetics with a half-life of 5.4 h during dialysis. The patient made a full recovery and admitted to the addition of guanidine thiocyanate to the bottled water.Discussion: Guanidine thiocyanate appears to cause an encephalopathic type presentation with discordant and/or error chloride readings and ionised hypocalcaemia. Dialysis could be considered in the management of its toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Severe Toxicity with Guanidine Thiocyanate Ingestion

Page¹,

Krüger²,

Dimeski³

et al. 2016

J Clinic Toxicol

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“…In a fatal combined poisoning with amitrole and ammonium thiocyanate, severe oliguria and metabolic acidosis was reported (Legras et al, 1996). Inhalation of an amitrole-containing aerosol is alleged to have been the cause of cough, pulmonary crackles, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, bilateral pleural effusions, and lung function test results consistent with a restrictive abnormality (Balkisson, Murray, and Hoffstein, 1992).…”

Section: Effects In Humansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Toxicology of Herbicides

Marrs

2003

Pesticide Toxicology and International Regulation

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“…Although some poisoning cases have included oral exposure to this agent, it appears that the herbicide formulation invariably contains other toxic compounds. An example is provided by Legras et al 143 in a fatal case of poisoning involving ingestion of an aminotriazole weed killer that also contained the activityenhancing agent, ammonium thiocyanate. The victim showed coma, myoclonic jerks, vascular collapse, profound metabolic acidosis and cardiac arrest.…”

Section: Triazolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term adverse effects in humans of ingested mineral oils, their additives and possible contaminants–A review

Hard

2000

Hum Exp Toxicol

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The toxicological databases for petroleum refinery products such as mineral oils, as well as for their potential contaminants and additives, were reviewed for human cases of poisoning by the oral route. The aim was to determine whether any overlooked adulterant in the oil implicated as the cause of the 1981 outbreak of Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) in Spain, may have been responsible for the unusual symptomatology characterizing this disease. The essential features of TOS were peripheral eosinophilia, pulmonary oedema and endothelial damage in the acute phase; myalgia, sensory neuropathy, hepatic injury, skin oedema and sicca in the intermediate phase; and peripheral neuropathy, muscle wasting, scleroderma and hepatopathy in the chronic phase. Of the more than 70 chemical entities and mixtures reviewed here, none had been reported as producing adverse toxic effects upon ingestion resembling the specific set of symptoms and progression that characterized TOS. Because of their viscosity, the most commonly recorded disease process associated with oral ingestion of petroleum refinery products was lipid pneumonia, implicating lung exposure via aspiration. The mineral oil additives and contaminants comprised a highly diverse range of chemical entities, producing a variety of symptoms in instances of poisoning. Specifically, no chemical entity amongst the refinery products, additives or contaminants was described as inducing a syndrome involving vasculitis accompanied by thrombotic events, along with immunological consequences (such as T-lymphocyte activation and cytokine release), as is considered to be the cellular basis of TOS.

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Herbicide: Fatal Ammonium Thiocyanate and Aminotriazole Poisoning

Abstract: Aminotriazole, a systemic nonselective herbicide, is often associated with ammonium thiocyanate which enhances its activity. Experimental studies and previous fatal cases suggest a predominant toxicity of thiocyanate. Early diagnosis is important.

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Severe Toxicity with Guanidine Thiocyanate Ingestion

Severe Toxicity with Guanidine Thiocyanate Ingestion

Toxicology of Herbicides

Short-term adverse effects in humans of ingested mineral oils, their additives and possible contaminants–A review

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