Herbicide Contamination of Prairie Springs at Ultratrace Levels of Detection

Wood, John A.; Anthony, D. H. J.

doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050017x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, deep groundwater inputs to wetlands would probably reduce herbicide concentrations. Wood and Anthony [23] found that concentrations of herbicides in deep groundwater were about 1,000 times lower than those recorded for wetlands during our study. Wetlands connected to small prairie rivers might also have relatively low levels of herbicides (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Diffuse geographic distribution of herbicides in northern prairie wetlands

Donald

Gurprasad

Quinnett-Abbott

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The concentrations of herbicides in water from wetlands on landscapes where herbicides are not used should be less than on farms with moderate (conventional farms) and intense (minimum-till farms) herbicide use. In general, this hypothesis was not supported for wetlands situated in the Boreal Plains Ecozone of central Saskatchewan, Canada. The overall detection frequency of 10 commonly used herbicides was not significantly different among wildlife habitat with no pesticide use (44.4%), farms with no pesticide use (51.6%), conventional farms (54.9%), and minimum-till farms (56.5%, chi 2 = 5.64, p = 0.13). The herbicides (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, and diclorprop accounted for 87% of all detections. In general, detection frequencies and concentrations of individual herbicides were similar on all land-use types. For example, the mean concentration of 2,4-D in water on the four land types ranged from 0.12 +/- 0.104 to 0.26 +/- 0.465 microgram/L, and MCPA ranged from 0.08 +/- 0.078 to 0.19 +/- 0.166 microgram/L. However, in the year of application, mean concentrations of MCPA and bromoxynil, but not 2,4-D, were significantly higher by about twofold in wetlands situated in fields where these herbicides were applied compared with all other wetlands. We propose that many agricultural pesticides are rapidly lost to the atmosphere at the time of application by processes such as volatilization from soil and plant evapotranspiration. Then, the herbicides used throughout the region may be directly absorbed to the surface of wetlands from the atmosphere, or they become entrained in local convective clouds, and are redistributed by rainfall in a relatively homogenous mixture over the agricultural landscape. The low levels of individual herbicides we found in most of the wetland waters would not cause chronic effects to aquatic biota.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Diffuse geographic distribution of herbicides in northern prairie wetlands

Donald

Gurprasad

Quinnett-Abbott

et al. 2001

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…[4] Therefore, residues of 2,4-D have been detected repeatedly in ground and surface waters in various regions of the world. [5][6][7] Short-term exposure to 2,4-D can cause damage to the nervous system, while long-term exposure can be harmful to the liver and kidneys. [8] Nevertheless, U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and efficacy of 2,4-D herbicide from slow-release delivery systems based on organo-zeolite and organo-bentonite complexes

Shirvani

Farajollahi

Bakhtiari

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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This research aimed to develop slow-release formulations (SRFs) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using zeolite and bentonite minerals modified with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) surfactant. Adsorption-desorption, greenhouse bioassay and column experiments were carried out to assess the potential of the SRFs to control weeds while reducing the herbicide leaching losses to deep layers of soil. The results showed that only 6.5 mmol 2,4-D kg −1 was retained by Na-bent, and the herbicide was not adsorbed by Na-zeol at all. The surface modification with CTMA surfactant, however, improved the 2,4-D adsorption capacity of the zeolite and bentonite up to 207.5 and 415.8 mmol kg , respectively. The synthesized organo-minerals slowly released the retained 2,4-D discharging 22 to 64% of the adsorbed 2,4-D to the solution phase within 7 days. The SRFs significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the herbicide mobility within the soil columns keeping a great portion of the herbicide active ingredient in the upper 5 cm soil layer. The SRFs were significantly (P = 0.05) as effective as the free technical herbicide in weed control without harming the ryegrass as the main plant. Therefore, the synthesized SRFs could be considered as useful tools for weed control in sustainable agriculture.

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“…Picloram (4‐amino‐3,5,6‐trichloropicolinic acid) is an acidic herbicide commonly used at application rates up to 9.5 kg ha −1 to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in forestry, rangelands, pastures, and small grain crops (Worthing & Hance, 1991; USEPA, 1995). Because of the small sorption and great persistence of picloram in soils, its major dissipation route appears to be leaching, and a number of studies have reported its appearance in ground water in significant amounts (USEPA, 1995; Wood & Anthony, 1997; Pang et al ., 2000). Phthalic acid (1,2‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) and salicylic acid (2‐hydroxybenzoic acid) are intermediates of the degradation pathways of many aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and leaching behaviour of polar aromatic acids in agricultural soils by batch and column leaching tests

Celis

Real

Hermosı́n

et al. 2004

European J Soil Science

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Aromatic acids can reach the soil from direct anthropogenic activities or, indirectly, from the degradation of many aromatic compounds, such as pesticides or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of the anionic character of aromatic acids at the pH of most soil and sediment environments, they are expected to move rapidly through the soil profile and to pose a great risk of ground water contamination. We designed batch and column leaching tests to characterize the behaviour of three aromatic acids differing in their chemical structures, picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), phthalic acid (2,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid), and salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), in four European soils with different physicochemical characteristics. Batch experiments revealed that the persistence of the three acids in soil:water suspensions decreased in the order: picloram ) phthalic acid > salicylic acid, and their dissipation curves were relatively independent of soil type. Sorption by the soils, their clay-size fractions and model sorbents indicated much greater affinity of soil constituents for salicylic acid than for picloram or phthalic acid, most likely due to the ability of salicylic acid to form bidentate complexes with positively charged soil components. The extent of leaching of the aromatic acids in hand-packed soil columns decreased in the order: picloram (90-96%) > phthalic acid (25-90%) > salicylic acid (0-37%), which was consistent with the sorption and persistence results of the batch tests. The organic C content, the amount of small-size pores, and the initial concentration of aromatic acid in soil appeared to be important factors influencing the leaching patterns of phthalic acid and salicylic acid in the soils studied, but did not greatly influence the leaching pattern of picloram. Sorption and leaching of polar aromatic acids in soil can therefore vary considerably depending on the structural characteristics of the aromatic acid or soil type.

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Herbicide Contamination of Prairie Springs at Ultratrace Levels of Detection

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Diffuse geographic distribution of herbicides in northern prairie wetlands

Diffuse geographic distribution of herbicides in northern prairie wetlands

Mobility and efficacy of 2,4-D herbicide from slow-release delivery systems based on organo-zeolite and organo-bentonite complexes

Sorption and leaching behaviour of polar aromatic acids in agricultural soils by batch and column leaching tests

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