Herbicide and Fire Effects on Smooth Brome (<i>Bromus inermis</i>) and Kentucky Bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i>) in Invaded Prairie Remnants

Bahm, Matt A.; Barnes, Thomas G.; Jensen, Kent C.

doi:10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00046.1

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Finally, sensitivity analysis points to topics in need of further research. First, the substantial effects of changes in the area burned on vegetation composition beg for experimental testing of the relevant expert inputs, which are only partially supported by research often outside the study area (Whisenant and Uresk 1990, Willson and Stubbendieck 1997, Bahm et al 2011). Second, although our sensitivity analysis of bison numbers did not yield statistically significant impacts, it did show substantial effects on live biomass and the prevalence of both desired and undesired vegetation.…”

Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐producing simulation models to inform resource management: a case study from southwest South Dakota

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Simulation models can represent complexities of the real world and serve as virtual laboratoriesfor asking "what if. . .?" questions about how systems might respond to different scenarios. However, simulation models have limited relevance to real-world applications when designed without input from people who could use the simulated scenarios to inform their decisions. Here, we report on a state-and-transition simulation model of vegetation dynamics that was coupled to a scenario planning process and co-produced by researchers, resource managers, local subject-matter experts, and climate change adaptation specialists to explore potential effects of climate scenarios and management alternatives on key resources in southwest South Dakota. Input from management partners and local experts was critical for representing key vegetation types, bison and cattle grazing, exotic plants, fire, and the effects of climate change and management on rangeland productivity and composition given the paucity of published data on many of these topics. By simulating multiple land management jurisdictions, climate scenarios, and management alternatives, the model highlighted important tradeoffs between grazer density and vegetation composition, as well as between the short-and long-term costs of invasive species management. It also pointed to impactful uncertainties related to the effects of fire and grazing on vegetation. More broadly, a scenario-based approach to model co-production bracketed the uncertainty associated with climate change and ensured that the most important (and impactful) uncertainties related to resource management were addressed. This cooperative study demonstrates six opportunities for scientists to engage users throughout the modeling process to improve model utility and relevance: (1) identifying focal dynamics and variables, (2) developing conceptual model(s), (3) parameterizing the simulation, (4) identifying relevant climate scenarios and management alternatives, (5) evaluating and refining the simulation, and (6) interpreting the results. We also reflect on lessons learned and offer several recommendations for future co-production efforts, with the aim of advancing the pursuit of usable science.

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Section: Model Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐producing simulation models to inform resource management: a case study from southwest South Dakota

et al. 2017

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“…Forb response likely depended on the types of forbs present and the level of competition with other species. The effect of tebuthiuron on total yield also varied among trials, and the magnitudes of the responses may have been influenced by differences in burn regimes (Bahm et al, 2011;Bouressa et al, 2010;Masters et al, 1992). A variable impact on total yield also occurred with atrazine (Gillen et al, 1987;Waller and Schmidt, 1983) and seemed to be dependent on the abundance of warm-season grasses (Dill et al, 1986) and on whether the herbicide application was combined with other management activities (Gillen et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reseeding is a common alternative when desired warm-season grasses are not present in sufficient abundance to recover with less aggressive management. Reduction of coolseason grasses in warm-season grass pasture has been accomplished with combinations of carefully timed grazing, burning, and herbicide application (Bahm et al, 2011;Barnes, 2004;Barnes, 2007;Salesman and Thomsen, 2011;Willson and Stubbendieck, 1996), but a single application of grazing or burning usually is not sufficient to substantially change the plant community composition (Willson and Stubbendieck, 1996). Renovation or restoration programs that include an appropriate herbicide program can expedite the recovery of native warm-season grasses by reducing competition from cool-season grasses and can cost less than complete vegetation removal and reseeding (Dill et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tebuthiuron Use in Restoring Degraded Tallgrass Prairies and Warm-season Grass Pastures

Hillhouse¹,

Schacht²,

Masters³

et al. 2015

The American Midland Naturalist

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Tallgrass prairies pastures are desirable grazing resources and preferred habitat for some wildlife species. Invasion of cool-season grass into these warm-season dominated grasslands is a common problem, and selectively removing cool-season grasses can be a challenge. In four trials conducted in southeastern Nebraska, we evaluated the effectiveness of the herbicide tebuthiuron, applied at rates between 0.7 and 2.7 kg ai ha 21 , on selectively controlling coolseason grasses in tallgrass prairie pastures. We included glyphosate (1.3 kg ae ha 21 ) and imazapic + glyphosate (0.21 + 0.4 kg ae ha 21 ) in two of the trials for comparison. In three of the four trials, tebuthiuron at 0.9 kg ha 21 or greater reduced cool-season grass yields by over 60% and increased warm-season grass yields by 50 to 300%. Glyphosate and imazapic + glyphosate reduced coolseason grass yields but had no effect on warm-season grass or forb yields.

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“…Invasive plants often persist after initial elimination attempts, requiring subsequent management (Barnes ; Hall et al ). Sometimes control of invasive species fails and negatively impacts the long‐term success of restoration and reconstruction efforts (D'Antonio & Meyerson ; Bahm et al ). Thus, understanding the biology of these invasive species is key not only in making efficient and effective future decisions regarding removal but also in designing management plans to ensure the success of restoration goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal endophyte infection increases tall fescue's survival, growth, and flowering in a reconstructed prairie

Moore

Carlisle

Nelson

et al. 2019

Restoration Ecology

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Grasslands in North America are increasingly threatened by land conversion and ecological degradation, prompting restoration efforts to increase native plant species diversity and improve wildlife habitat. A major challenge is the removal and management of nonnative invasive species such as tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus), which has a symbiotic association with a fungal endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala) that modifies its ecological interactions. Using transplanted clumps of the cultivar Kentucky‐31, we tested the effects of endophyte infection on tall fescue's survival and performance (tiller production, flowering, and basal area) for 5 years in a central Kentucky reconstructed prairie. We predicted that endophyte infected (E+) clumps would have increased performance compared to endophyte‐free (E−) clumps. Overall, E+ clumps had greater survival, tiller production, flowering tiller production, and basal area, but not reproductive effort (proportion of tillers flowering) as compared to E− clumps. However, survival and trends in tiller number and basal area over the 5‐year period suggested experimental tall fescue populations were in decline in the reconstructed prairie, although the E− population declined more rapidly. Our study provides evidence that endophyte infection improved tall fescue's growth and survival in a postreconstruction plant community, at least in the early years following reconstruction, and may increase the invasive potential of this nonnative species in prairie restorations.

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Herbicide and Fire Effects on Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) in Invaded Prairie Remnants

Cited by 44 publications

References 55 publications

Co‐producing simulation models to inform resource management: a case study from southwest South Dakota

Co‐producing simulation models to inform resource management: a case study from southwest South Dakota

Tebuthiuron Use in Restoring Degraded Tallgrass Prairies and Warm-season Grass Pastures

Fungal endophyte infection increases tall fescue's survival, growth, and flowering in a reconstructed prairie

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